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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detinf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ДЕТСКИЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHILDREN INFECTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8107</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8139</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Pediatricians and Infection Disease doctors</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22627/2072-8107-2025-24-1-43-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detinf-1032</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ранняя диагностика и тактика ведения пациентов с нарушением формирования пола</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Early diagnosis and management of patients with gender formation disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6764-0609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селянина</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selyanina</surname><given-names>A P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селянина Анна Павловна, студент 6 курса педиатрического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annaselyanina7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0204-1365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козодаева</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozodaeva</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козодаева Виталия Ильинична, студент 6 курса педиатрического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vitaliya.kozodaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-9036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саркисян</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarkisyan</surname><given-names>H. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саркисян Егине Альбертовна, к.м.н, доцент кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">heghinesarg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6314-1086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хохлова Анастасия Павловна, ординатор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии имени академика В. А. Таболина Института материнства и детства</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nas.hohlova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-1931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Анна Анатольевна, ординатор кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей Института материнства и детства</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komarova.anna.09@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8016-8204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нифатова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nifatova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нифатова Екатерина Сергеевна, студент 6 курса педиатрического факультета</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nifatovaekaterinasergeevna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-6761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шумилов</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shumilov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шумилов Петр Валентинович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">peter_shumilov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Селянина А.П., Козодаева В.И., Саркисян Е.А., Хохлова А.П., Комарова А.А., Нифатова Е.С., Шумилов П.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Селянина А.П., Козодаева В.И., Саркисян Е.А., Хохлова А.П., Комарова А.А., Нифатова Е.С., Шумилов П.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Selyanina A.P., Kozodaeva V.I., Sarkisyan H.A., Khokhlova A.P., Komarova A.A., Nifatova A.A., Shumilov P.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1032">https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1032</self-uri><abstract><p>Нарушения формирования пола — это врождённые состояния, характеризующиеся несоответствием между хромосомным, гонадным и анатомическим полом. В настоящее время выявлены генетические факторы, влияющие на развитие пола во время дифференцировки гонад, на биосинтез и действие половых гормонов. Частота встречаемости заболевания составляет 1 случай на 4500—5000 новорожденных, по этой причине каждый врач-педиатр столкнется с проблемой ведения новорождённого с атипичными гениталиями. Совершенствование методов пренатальной диагностики, в частности, применение неинвазивного пренатального тестирования, позволяет идентифицировать генетические мутации Y-хромосомы уже на 7 неделе беременности. В данной работе отражена этиологическая структура нарушений формирования пола — генетические мутации, отмечены диагностико-терапевтические особенности ведения пациентов с нарушением формирования пола.</p><p>Целью работы является сбор и обобщение современных научных данных о нарушениях формирования пола с определением основных причин развития, методов диагностики и терапии заболевания в разных странах.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: выполнен анализ современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы по теме нарушений формирования пола в период с 2016 по 2024 годы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: приведена современная классификация нарушений формирования пола, основные синдромы и заболевания, клинические симптомы, актуальные методы диагностики. Подходы к терапии в разных странах различны, что позволит отечественным специалистам применить наиболее целесообразное лечение.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Disorders of sex formation are congenital conditions characterized by a mismatch between chromosomal, gonadal and anatomical sex. Currently, genetic factors affecting the development of sex during gonad differentiation, biosynthesis and the action of sex hormones have been identified. The incidence of the disease is 1 case per 4,500—5,000 newborns, for this reason, every pediatrician will face the problem of managing a newborn with atypical genitalia. The improvement of prenatal diagnostic methods, in particular, the use of non-invasive prenatal testing, allows the identification of genetic mutations of the Y chromosome as early as 7 weeks of pregnancy. This work reflects the etiological structure of disorders of sex formation — genetic mutations, diagnostic and therapeutic features of the management of patients with impaired sex formation are noted.</p><p>The aim of the work is to collect and summarize modern scientific data on gender formation disorders with the identification of the main causes of development, methods of diagnosis and therapy of the disease in different countries.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: the analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature on the topic of gender formation disorders in the period from 2016 to 2024 was carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the modern classification of disorders of sex formation, the main syndromes and diseases, clinical symptoms, and current diagnostic methods are presented. Approaches to therapy vary from country to country, which will allow domestic specialists to apply the most appropriate treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушения формирования пола</kwd><kwd>хромосомные аномалии</kwd><kwd>генетические нарушения</kwd><kwd>врожденные пороки развития</kwd><kwd>аномалии гениталий</kwd><kwd>заместительная терапия</kwd><kwd>неинвазивный пренатальный тест</kwd><kwd>генетические мутации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>disorders of sex formation</kwd><kwd>chromosomal abnormalities</kwd><kwd>genetic disorders</kwd><kwd>congenital malformations</kwd><kwd>genital abnormalities</kwd><kwd>substitution therapy</kwd><kwd>non-invasive prenatal test</kwd><kwd>genetic mutations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Проект клинических рекомендаций по ведению и терапии новорожденных с нарушением полового развития. 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Draft clinical guidelines for the management and treatment of newborns with disorders of sexual development. 2016. 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