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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detinf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ДЕТСКИЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHILDREN INFECTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8107</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8139</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Pediatricians and Infection Disease doctors</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22627/2072-8107-2025-24-2-16-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detinf-1063</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние коморбидной патологии на течение ВИЧ-инфекции у детей и динамику маркеров активации иммунокомпетентных клеток</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of comorbid pathology on the course of HIV infection in children and the dynamics of of immunocompetent cells activation markers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-1316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисенко</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisenko</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денисенко Валентин Борисович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры детских инфекционных болезней, Ростовский государственный медицинскийуниверситет</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dvalentinb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-4499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симованьян</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simovanyan</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симованьян Эмма Мкртичевна (Simovanyan E.М.), д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой детских инфекционных болезней</p><p>Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emmasim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Rostov-on-Don State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Денисенко В.Б., Симованьян Э.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Денисенко В.Б., Симованьян Э.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Denisenko V.B., Simovanyan E.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1063">https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1063</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: совершенствование прогнозирования течения ВИЧ-инфекции у детей и динамики активационных маркеров иммунокомпетентных клеток с учетом коморбидной патологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследован 91 ребенок, у которого на момент диагностики ВИЧ-инфекции в возрасте 1—4 мес. (Ме 3 мес., ИКИ 1—4,5 мес.) имела место субклиническая стадия (41) или стадия вторичных заболеваний (50).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У пациентов в стадии вторичных заболеваний, помимо ВИЧ-ассоциированных симптомов, развивались оппортунистические инфекции бактериальной, вирусной и грибковой этиологии. У этих детей чаще диагностирована коморбидная патология (100% и 85,4%; Р = 0,0067). В этой группе выявлены более высокая вирусная нагрузка крови ВИЧ, низкое количество CD4+-лимфоцитов и другие существенные нарушения в иммунной системе. У этих пациентов обнаружено повышение экспрессии маркера активации иммунокомпетентных клеток (HLA-DR), рецептора готовности к апоптозу (CD95), а также количества клеток на стадии раннего (AnV+) и позднего апоптоза (AnV+/Pr+). При анализе частоты различной коморбидной патологии в многофакторной математической модели логистической регрессии установлено, что независимым предиктором быстрого прогрессирования ВИЧ-инфекции у детей служило наличие активной формы врожденной инфекции (ОШ 4,8; 95% ДИ 1,1—24,7; Р = 0,0233).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У 55% детей имеет место быстрое прогрессирование ВИЧ-инфекции. Причинами неблагоприятного течения заболевания служат активная репликация ВИЧ и развитие глубоких нарушений иммунного статуса, в том числе гиперактивации и апоптоза иммунокомпетентных клеток. Независимым предиктором быстрого прогрессирования заболевания служит наличие активных форм врожденных инфекций, в связи с чем необходимы их ранняя диагностика и лечение. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The goal is to improve the prediction of HIV infection course in children and the dynamics of immunocompetent cells activation markers, taking into account comorbid pathology.</p><sec><title>Research methods</title><p>Research methods. We examined 91 children who were 1—4 months old at the time of HIV infection diagnosis (Me 3 months, ICI 1—4.5 months) there was a subclinical stage (41) or a stage of secondary diseases (50).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In patients at the stage of secondary diseases, in addition to HIV-associated symptoms, opportunistic infections of bacterial, viral and fungal etiology developed. These children were more often diagnosed with comorbid pathology (100% and 85.4%; p = 0.0067). In this group, a higher HIV blood viral load, a low number of CD4+ lymphocytes and other significant disorders in the immune system were detected. These patients showed increased expression of the immunocompetent cell activation marker (HLA-DR), the apoptosis readiness receptor (CD95), as well as the number of cells at the stage of early (AnV+) and late apoptosis (AnV+/Pr+). When analyzing the frequency of various comorbid pathologies in a multivariate mathematical logistic regression model, it was found that an independent predictor of HIV infection rapid progression in children was the presence of active form of congenital infection (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.1—24.7; p = 0,0233).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In 55% of children, rapid progression of HIV infection occurs. The reasons for the unfavorable course of the disease are active replication of HIV and the development of immune status profound disorders, including hyperactivation and apoptosis of immunocompetent cells. An independent predictor of disease rapid progression is the presence of an active form of congenital infection, and therefore early diagnosis and treatment are necessary. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>коморбидная патология</kwd><kwd>гиперактивация иммунной системы</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование течения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>comorbid pathology</kwd><kwd>hyperactivation of the immune system</kwd><kwd>prediction of the course</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ладная Н.Н., Покровский В.В., Соколова Е.В. 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