<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detinf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ДЕТСКИЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHILDREN INFECTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8107</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8139</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Pediatricians and Infection Disease doctors</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22627/2072-8107-2025-24-2-22-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detinf-1064</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трудности в дифференциальной диагностике пневмоний у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Difficulties in differential diagnostics of pneumonia in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2695-7937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бевза</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bevza</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бевза Светлана Леонидовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">allba@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3715-1806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паршина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parshina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Паршина Мария Владимировна , ординатор кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m89525472410@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-7382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молочкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molochkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молочкова Оксана Вадимовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ci-journal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-6700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Олег Борисович , д.м.н., профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor87@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-7726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егорова Наталья Юрьевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей  </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a-egoroff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6373-2987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сахарова Алиса Азизовна (Sakharova А.), ДГКБ № 9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского ДЗМ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">79055401482@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России (Пироговский университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова&#13;
Минздрава России (Пироговский университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская городская клиническая больница No9 им. Г. Н. Сперанского ДЗМ</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Speransky Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>22</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бевза С.Л., Паршина М.В., Молочкова О.В., Ковалев О.Б., Егорова Н.Ю., Сахарова А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бевза С.Л., Паршина М.В., Молочкова О.В., Ковалев О.Б., Егорова Н.Ю., Сахарова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bevza S.L., Parshina M.V., Molochkova O.V., Kovalev O.B., Egorova N.Y., Sakharova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1064">https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1064</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить клинико-лабораторные особенности внебольничной пневмонии у детей в препандемический период COVID-19 для совершенствования дифференциальной диагностики поражений дыхательных путей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 266 медицинских карт пациентов, находившихся в Детской городской клинической больнице №9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского ДЗМ в 2019 г. с направительным диагнозом — внебольничная пневмония. Для верификации диагноза пневмонии использовали рентгенографическое исследование органов грудной клетки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Внебольничная пневмония протекала клинически схоже с острым и обструктивным бронхитом и другими респираторными заболеваниями, что создает объективные трудности диагностики без применения лабораторных и инструментальных исследований. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the clinical and laboratory features of community-acquired pneumonia in children in the pre-pandemic period of COVID-19 to improve the differential diagnosis of respiratory tract lesions.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 266 medical records of patients treated at the Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G.N. Speransky of the Health Department of Moscow in 2019 with a referral diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia was carried out. To verify the diagnosis of pneumonia, chest X-ray was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Community-acquired pneumonia was clinically similar to acute and obstructive bronchitis and other respiratory diseases, which creates objective difficulties in diagnosis without the use of laboratory and instrumental studies</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>рентгенографическое исследование органов грудной клетки</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>chest X-ray</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева М.Л., Рыбакова О.Г., Петрунина С.Ю., Шурховецкая А.А. Пневмония у детей школьного возраста. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2024; 23( S6):31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaitseva M.L., Rybakova O.G., Petrunina S.Yu., Shurkhovetskaya A.A. Pneumonia in school-age children. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2024; 23( S6):31. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Седова А.Ю., Малахов А.Б., Шахназарова М.Д. [и др.]. Факторы риска тяжелого течения внебольничной пневмонии у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста. Медицинский совет. 2024; 18(1):282—292. DOI 10.21518/ms2024-015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedova A.Yu., Malakhov A.B., Shakhnazarova M.D. [et al.]. Risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia in young and preschool children. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2024; 18(1):282—292. (In Russ.) DOI 10.21518/ms2024-015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рябых О.В., Лучанинова В.Н., Гранкина И.О. Изменения показателей периферической крови у детей при внебольничной пневмонии на разных этапах течения болезни. Воронцовские чтения. Сборник материалов XVII Всероссийской научно-практической конференции, Санкт-Петербург, 15—16 марта 2024 года. Санкт-Петербургское региональное отделение общественной организации «Союз педиатров России», 2024:98—101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryabykh O.V., Luchaninova V.N., Grankina I.O. Changes in peripheral blood parameters in children with community-acquired pneumonia at different stages of the disease. Vorontsov Readings. Collection of materials of the XVII All-Russian scientific and practical conference, Saint Petersburg, March 15—16, 2024. Saint Petersburg regional branch of the public organization «Union of Pediatricians of Russia», 2024:98—101. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI): chart booklet, 2014. Available: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/104772/9789241506823_Chartbook_eng.pdf;jsessionid=BE494386E475C23748C604BA2CD963B4?sequence=16 [Accessed 03.07. 2024]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI): chart booklet, 2014. Available: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/104772/9789241506823_Chartbook_eng.pdf;jsessionid=BE494386E475C23748C604BA2CD963B4?sequence=16 [Accessed 03.07. 2024]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fancourt N, Deloria Knoll M, Baggett HC, et al. Chest Radiograph Findings in Childhood Pneumonia Cases From the Multisite PERCH Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 64(suppl_3):S262—S270. doi:10.1093/cid/cix089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fancourt N, Deloria Knoll M, Baggett HC, et al. Chest Radiograph Findings in Childhood Pneumonia Cases From the Multisite PERCH Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 64(suppl_3):S262—S270. doi:10.1093/cid/cix089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazi S, Hernstadt H, Abo YN, et al. The utility of chest x-ray and lung ultrasound in the management of infants and children presenting with severe pneumonia in low-and middle-income countries: A pragmatic scoping review. J Glob Health. 2022; 12:10013. doi:10.7189/jogh.12.10013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazi S, Hernstadt H, Abo YN, et al. The utility of chest x-ray and lung ultrasound in the management of infants and children presenting with severe pneumonia in low-and middle-income countries: A pragmatic scoping review. J Glob Health. 2022; 12:10013. doi:10.7189/jogh.12.10013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin H, Falconer J, Addo-Yobo E, et al. Assembling a global database of child pneumonia studies to inform WHO pneumonia management algorithm: Methodology and applications. J Glob Health. 2022;12:04075. doi:10.7189/jogh.12.04075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin H, Falconer J, Addo-Yobo E, et al. Assembling a global database of child pneumonia studies to inform WHO pneumonia management algorithm: Methodology and applications. J Glob Health. 2022;12:04075. doi:10.7189/jogh.12.04075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rees CA, Basnet S, Gentile A, et al. An analysis of clinical predictive values for radiographic pneumonia in children. BMJ Glob Health. 2020; 5(8):e002708. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002708</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rees CA, Basnet S, Gentile A, et al. An analysis of clinical predictive values for radiographic pneumonia in children. BMJ Glob Health. 2020; 5(8):e002708. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002708</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Углева Т.Н., Ушакова О.Н. Симптоматика и клинические данные внебольничной пневмонии у детей. Вестник СурГУ. Медицина. 2023; 16(4): 70—76. DOI 10.35266/2949-3447-2023-4-10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ugleva TN, Ushakova ON. Symptomatology and clinical data of communityacquired pneumonia in children. Bulletin of Surgut State University. Medicine. 2023; 16(4): 70—76. (In Russ.) DOI 10.35266/2949-3447-2023-4-1010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott JA, Wonodi C, Moïsi JC, Deloria-Knoll M, DeLuca AN, Karron RA, Bhat N, Murdoch DR, Crawley J, Levine OS, O'Brien KL, Feikin DR; Pneumonia Methods Working Group. The definition of pneumonia, the assessment of severity, and clinical standardization in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr; 54 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S109—16. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir1065.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott JA, Wonodi C, Moïsi JC, Deloria-Knoll M, DeLuca AN, Karron RA, Bhat N, Murdoch DR, Crawley J, Levine OS, O'Brien KL, Feikin DR; Pneumonia Methods Working Group. The definition of pneumonia, the assessment of severity, and clinical standardization in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Apr; 54 Suppl 2(Suppl 2): S109—16. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir1065.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таточенко В.К. Болезни органов дыхания у детей: Практическое руководство. 7-е переработанное и дополненное издание, Москва, 2019:300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatochenko VK Respiratory diseases in children: A practical guide. 7th revised and supplemented edition, Moscow, 2019:300. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самаль Т.Н., Украинцев С.Е. Внебольничная пневмония у детей: работа над ошибками. Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2022; 101(2):96—103. DOI 10.24110/0031-403X-2022-101-2-96-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samal TN, Ukraintsev SE Community-acquired pneumonia in children: correcting mistakes. Pediatriyа. Journal im. G.N. Speransky. 2022; 101(2) :96—103. (In Russ.) DOI 10.24110/0031-403X-2022-101-2-96-103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipsett SC, Monuteaux MC, Bachur RG, Finn N, Neuman MI. Negative Chest Radiography and Risk of Pneumonia. Pediatrics. 2018 Sep; 142(3):e20180236. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-0236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipsett SC, Monuteaux MC, Bachur RG, Finn N, Neuman MI. Negative Chest Radiography and Risk of Pneumonia. Pediatrics. 2018 Sep; 142(3):e20180236. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-0236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barzilay JR, Neuman MI, Florin TA. Chest Radiography for Presumed Pneumonia in Children. N Engl J Med. 2024 Dec 19; 391(24):2379—2381. doi: 10.1056/NEJMclde2408146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barzilay JR, Neuman MI, Florin TA. Chest Radiography for Presumed Pneumonia in Children. N Engl J Med. 2024 Dec 19; 391(24):2379—2381. doi: 10.1056/NEJMclde2408146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park DE, Watson NL, Focht C, et al. Digitally recorded and remotely classified lung auscultation compared with conventional stethoscope classifications among children aged 1—59 months enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) case-control study. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2022; 9(1):e001144. doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001144</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park DE, Watson NL, Focht C, et al. Digitally recorded and remotely classified lung auscultation compared with conventional stethoscope classifications among children aged 1—59 months enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) case-control study. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2022; 9(1):e001144. doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eklundh A, Rhedin S, Ryd-Rinder M, et al. Etiology of Clinical CommunityAcquired Pneumonia in Swedish Children Aged 1-59 Months with High Pneumococcal Vaccine Coverage-The TREND Study. Vaccines (Basel). 2021; 9(4):384. doi:10.3390/vaccines9040384</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eklundh A, Rhedin S, Ryd-Rinder M, et al. Etiology of Clinical CommunityAcquired Pneumonia in Swedish Children Aged 1—59 Months with High Pneumococcal Vaccine Coverage-The TREND Study. Vaccines (Basel). 2021; 9(4):384. doi:10.3390/vaccines9040384</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самарина Н.И., Байрамалова Т.Ю., Тарасова Е.М. [и др.] Возможности УЗИ лёгких для диагностики внебольничной пневмонии у детей. Тезисы X Общероссийского конференц-марафона «Перинатальная медицина: от прегравидарной подготовки к здоровому материнству и детству» и III Научно-практической конференции «Педиатрия XXI века: новые парадигмы в современных реалиях», Санкт-Петербург, 15—17 февраля 2024 года. Москва: Редакция журнала StatusPraesens, 2024:54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samarinа N.I., Bairamalova T.Yu., Tarasova E.M. [et al.] Possibilities of lung ultrasound for diagnostics of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Abstracts of the X All-Russian conference marathon «Perinatal medicine: from pregravid preparation to healthy motherhood and childhood» and the III Scientific and practical conference «Pediatrics of the XXI century: new paradigms in modern realities», St. Petersburg, February 15—17, 2024. Moscow: Editorial office of the StatusPraesens journal, 2024:54. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porter P, Brisbane J, Abeyratne U, et al. Diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia via a smartphone-based algorithm: a prospective cohort study in primary and acute-care consultations. Br J Gen Pract. 2021; 71(705):e258-e265. doi:10.3399/BJGP.2020.0750.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porter P, Brisbane J, Abeyratne U, et al. Diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia via a smartphone-based algorithm: a prospective cohort study in primary and acute-care consultations. Br J Gen Pract. 2021; 71(705): e258-e265. doi:10.3399/BJGP.2020.0750.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y, Zhang L, Yu H, Wang J, Wang S, Liu J, Zheng Q. A comprehensive segmentation of chest X-ray improves deep learning-based WHO radiologically confirmed pneumonia diagnosis in children. Eur Radiol. 2024 May; 34(5):3471—3482. doi: 10.1007/s00330-023-10367-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y, Zhang L, Yu H, Wang J, Wang S, Liu J, Zheng Q. A comprehensive segmentation of chest X-ray improves deep learning-based WHO radiologically confirmed pneumonia diagnosis in children. Eur Radiol. 2024 May; 34(5):3471—3482. doi: 10.1007/s00330-023-10367-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Guideline on management of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children up to 10 years of age. 2024. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/380059. [Accessed 03.07. 2024]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Guideline on management of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children up to 10 years of age. 2024. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/380059. [Accessed 03.07. 2024]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
