<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detinf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ДЕТСКИЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHILDREN INFECTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8107</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8139</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Pediatricians and Infection Disease doctors</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22627/2072-8107-2026-25-1-16-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detinf-1140</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-лабораторная характеристика хронического гепатита С у детей с различным уровнем аминотрансфераз</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and laboratory characteristics of chronic hepatitis C in children with different levels of aminotransferases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6335-0487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбунов Сергей Георгиевич, д.м.н., заведующий кафедрой детских инфекционных заболеваний и главный научный сотрудник отдела детских инфекционных заболеваний ГБУЗ Московской области «НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области»; профессор кафедры детских инфекционных болезней ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gsgsg70@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-4987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кандоба</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kandoba</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандоба Ольга Николаевна (Kandoba O.N.), научный сотрудник отдела детских инфекционных заболеваний</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pediatric-7@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-8072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинаева</surname><given-names>Н. дж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odinaeva</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Одинаева Нуринисо Джумаевна, д.м.н., профессор, директор ГБУЗ Московской области «НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области»; заведующий кафедрой педиатрии ФУВ ГБУЗ Московской области МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nig05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ Московской области «НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области»; ФГБОУ ДПО Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research clinical institute of childhood of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Moscow region; Russian Medical Academy of Continuig Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ Московской области «НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research clinical institute of childhood of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Moscow region<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ Московской области «НИКИ детства Минздрава Московской области»; ГБУЗ Московской области Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research clinical institute of childhood of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Moscow region; Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute by M.F. Vladimirsky<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунов С.Г., Кандоба О.Н., Одинаева Н.д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунов С.Г., Кандоба О.Н., Одинаева Н.д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunov S.G., Kandoba O.N., Odinaeva N.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1140">https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1140</self-uri><abstract><p>Аминотрансферазы отражают объем и степень поражения печени с развитием в ней воспаления при ХГС, коррелируют с фиброзом, поэтому их определение имеет как научное, так и практическое значение. Цель: определение клинического течения, динамики лабораторных и инструментальных показателей у детей с ХГС, получавших прямую противовирусную терапию, в зависимости от исходного уровня аминотрансфераз в сыворотке крови. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находилось 36 пациентов в возрасте от 3 до 16 лет, рандомизированных в зависимости от уровня аминотрансфераз в сыворотке крови. Всем детям проводилось регламентированное клиническое, лабораторное и инструментальное обследование до начала лечения препаратом прямого противовирусного действия глекапревир/пибрентасвир, через 12 недель и 6 месяцев от начала кур- са терапии. Результаты. Пациенты с высоким уровнем аминотрансфераз чаще инфицировались ВГС перинатально по сравнению с детьми с нормальным содержанием этих ферментов в сыворотке крови. Возраст и клиническая симптоматика в обеих группах не отличались. Аминотрансферазы были исходно повышены у 27,8% детей с ХГС, при этом их максимальный уровень не превышал 4 норм. Назначение курса прямой противовирусной терапии препаратом глекапревир/пибрентасвир способствует достаточно быстрой и стойкой нормализации уровня аминотрансфераз у всех пациентов в обеих группах, независимо от их изначального количества. Как у детей с высоким уровнем аминотрансфераз, так и с нормальным их уровнем превалировал генотип 1b ВГС, а вирусная нагрузка оказалась низкой в группе с нормальным уровнем аминотрансфераз. Более быстрая нормализация размеров печени по данным УЗИ у пациентов с нормальным уровнем аминотрансфераз под влиянием прямой про- тивовирусной терапии свидетельствуют о прямой корреляционной зависимости между уровнем аминотрансфераз и степенью поражения печени при ХГС. Однако более выраженный фиброз у 1 ребенка (до степени F3 по шкале METAVIR) в этой группе свидетельствует о необходимости пристального отношения даже к тем детям, у которых уровень аминотрансфераз остается нормальным, что не исключает течение у них фибротического процесса в печени. Заключение. Исходный уровень аминотрансфераз у детей с ХГС имеет значение для оценки степени поражения печени и позволяет спрогнозировать эффективность проводимой прямой противовирусной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aminotransferases reflect the volume and degree of liver damage with the development of inflammation in chronic hepatitis C, correlate with fibrosis, therefore their determination in such patients is of both scientific and practical importance. The aim of the study is determination of the clinical course, dynamics of laboratory and instrumental parameters in children with HCV who received direct antiviral therapy, depending on the initial level of aminotransferases in blood serum. Materials and methods. 36 patients aged 3—16 years were under observation, randomized depending on the level of aminotransferases in the blood serum. All children underwent a regulated clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination before starting treatment with the direct antiviral drug glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, 12 weeks and 6 months after the start of the course of therapy. Results. Patients with high levels of aminotransferases were more likely to become infected with HCV perinatal compared with children with normal levels of these enzymes in the blood serum. The age and clinical symptoms in both groups did not differ. Aminotransferases were initially elevated in 27.8% of children with chronic hepatitis C, while their maximum level did not exceed 4 norms. The appointment of a course of direct antiviral therapy with glecaprevir / pibrentasvir contributes to a fairly rapid and stable normalization of aminotransferase levels in all patients in both groups, regardless of their initial amount. HCV genotype 1b prevailed in both children with high levels of aminotransferases and those with normal levels, and the viral load was low in the group with normal levels of aminotransferases. Faster normalization of liver size according to ultrasound data in patients with normal aminotransferase levels under the influence of direct antiviral therapy indicates a direct correlation between the level of aminotransferases and the degree of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. However, more pronounced fibrosis in 1 child (up to grade F3 on the METAVIR scale) in this group indicates the need for close attention even to those children whose aminotransferase levels remain normal, which does not exclude the course of their fibrotic process in the liver. Conclusion. Thus, it can be assumed that the baseline level of aminotransferases in children with HCV is important for assessing the degree of liver damage and allows predicting the effectiveness of direct antiviral therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический гепатит С</kwd><kwd>аминотрансферазы</kwd><kwd>гепатомегалия</kwd><kwd>прямая противовирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic hepatitis C</kwd><kwd>aminotransferase</kwd><kwd>hepatomegaly</kwd><kwd>direct antiviral therapy</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бохонов М.С., Галицина Л.Е., Ситников И.Г., Горбунова О.С. Клинические особенности хронического гепатита С у детей. Детские инфекции. 2023; 22(2):23—27. doi: 10.22627/2072-8107-2023-22-2-23-27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokhonov MS, Galitsina LE, Sitnikov IG, Gorbunova OS. Klinicheskie osobennosti khronicheskogo gepatita C u detey [Clinical features of chronic hepatitis C in children]. Detskie Infektsii=Children Infections. 2023;22(2):23—27. (In Russ.) doi:10.22627/2072-8107-2023-22-2-23-27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волынец Г.В., Хавкин А.И. Современный взгляд на лечение хронического гепатита С у детей и подростков. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2019;64(6):11—19. doi: 10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-6-11-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volynets GV, Khavkin AI. Sovremennyy vzglyad na lechenie khronicheskogo gepatita C u detey i podrostkov [Modern view on the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children and adolescents]. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii. 2019;64(6):11—19. (In Russ.) doi:10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-6-11-19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreira J., Sheflin-Findling S. Update on pediatric hepatitis C infection. Current Gastroenterology Reports. 2025;27:18. doi: 10.1007/s11894-024-00955-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreira J, Sheflin-Findling S. Update on pediatric hepatitis C infection. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2025;27:18. doi:10.1007/s11894-024-00955-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Curci F., Stinco M., Carrera S., Rubino C., Indolfi G. Diagnostic approach for children with increased serum concentrations of aminotransferases. Global Pediatrics. 2024;7:100118. doi: 10.1016/j.gpeds.2023.100118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Curci F, Stinco M, Carrera S, Rubino C, Indolfi G. Diagnostic approach for children with increased serum concentrations of aminotransferases. Glob Pediatr. 2024;7:100118. doi:10.1016/j.gpeds.2023.100118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdel-Khalek E.E., El-Fakhry A., Helaly M., Abdel-Aal I., Zalata K. Alanine aminotransferase levels in Nile delta citizens infected with chronic hepatitis C virus. European Journal of General Medicine. 2012;9(4):247—252.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdel-Khalek EE, El-Fakhry A, Helaly M, Abdel-Aal I, Zalata K. Alanine aminotransferase levels in Nile delta citizens infected with chronic hepatitis C virus. Eur J Gen Med. 2012;9(4):247—252.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zapata R. Clinical approach to the patient with chronic hepatitis C infection and normal aminotransferases. Annals of Hepatology. 2010;9(S1):S72—S79. doi: 10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31728-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapata R. Clinical approach to the patient with chronic hepatitis C infection and normal aminotransferases. Ann Hepatol. 2010;9(Suppl 1):S72—S79. doi:10.1016/S1665-2681(19)31728-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacon B.R. Treatment of patients with hepatitis C and serum aminotransferase levels. Hepatology. 2002;36:S179—S184. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.36386</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacon BR. Treatment of patients with hepatitis C and serum aminotransferase levels. Hepatology. 2002;36(5 Suppl 1):S179—S184. doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.36386</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinn D.H., Gwak G.-Y., Shin J., Choi M.S., Lee J.H., Koh K.C., et al. Disease progression in chronic hepatitis C patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2013;19(14):2256—2261. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i14.2256</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinn DH, Gwak GY, Shin J, Choi MS, Lee JH, Koh KC, et al. Disease progression in chronic hepatitis C patients with normal alanine aminotransferase levels. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(14):2256—2261. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i14.2256</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turkova A., Volynets G.V., Crichton S., Skvortsova T.A., Panfilova V.N., Rogozina N.V., et al. Advanced liver disease in Russian children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2019;26(7):881—892. doi: 10.1111/jvh.13093</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkova A, Volynets GV, Crichton S, Skvortsova TA, Panfilova VN, Rogozina NV, et al. Advanced liver disease in Russian children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat. 2019;26(7):881—892. doi:10.1111/jvh.13093</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pokorska-Śpiewak M., Kowalik-Mikołajewska B., Aniszewska M., Pluta M., Walewska-Zielecka B., Marczyńska M. Determinants of liver disease progression in children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Polish Journal of Pathology. 2015;66(4):368—375. doi: 10.5114/pjp.2015.57248</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokorska-Śpiewak M, Kowalik-Mikołajewska B, Aniszewska M, Pluta M, Walewska-Zielecka B, Marczyńska M. Determinants of liver disease progression in children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Pol J Pathol. 2015;66(4):368—375. doi:10.5114/pjp.2015.57248</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanda T., Matsumoto N., Ishii T., Arima S., Shibuya S., Honda M., et al. Chronic hepatitis C: acute exacerbation and alanine aminotransferase flare. Viruses. 2023;15(1):183. doi: 10.3390/v15010183</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanda T, Matsumoto N, Ishii T, Arima S, Shibuya S, Honda M, et al. Chronic hepatitis C: acute exacerbation and alanine aminotransferase flare. Viruses. 2023;15(1):183. doi:10.3390/v15010183</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мескина Е.Р., Галкина Л.А., Целипанова Е.Е., Одинаева Н.Д. Каскад медицинской помощи детям с инфекцией, вызванной вирусом гепатита С, в Московской области. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2022;99(5):525—539. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-330</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meskina ER, Galkina LA, Tselipanova EE, Odinaeva ND. Kaskad meditsinskoy pomoshchi detyam s infektsiey, vyzvannoy virusom gepatita C, v Moskovskoy oblasti [The cascade of medical care for children with hepatitis C virus infection in the Moscow region]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2022; 99(5): 525—539. (In Russ.) doi:10.36233/0372-9311-330</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mihaylova M., Strashilov S., Tonchev P. Value of aminotransferases in liver cirrhosis. Journal of IMAB. 2024;30(4):5824—5828. doi: 10.5272/jimab.2024304.5824</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mihaylova M, Strashilov S, Tonchev P. Value of aminotransferases in liver cirrhosis. J IMAB. 2024;30(4):5824—5828. doi:10.5272/jimab.2024304.5824</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ur Rehman H., Sarwar M. Aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio predicts cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2006;56(1):23—27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ur Rehman H, Sarwar M. Aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio predicts cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Pak Armed Forces Med J. 2006;56(1):23—27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giannini E., Risso D., Botta F., et al. Validity and clinical utility of the aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio in assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2003;163(2):218—224. doi: 10.1001/archinte.163.2.218</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giannini E, Risso D, Botta F, et al. Validity and clinical utility of the aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio in assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2003;163(2):218—224. doi:10.1001/archinte.163.2.218</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin M.-S., Lin H.-S., Chung C.-M., Lin Y.-S., Chen M.-Y., Chen P.-H., et al. Serum aminotransferase ratio is independently correlated with hepatosteatosis in patients with HCV: a cross-sectional observational study. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e008797. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008797</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin MS, Lin HS, Chung CM, Lin YS, Chen MY, Chen PH, et al. Serum aminotransferase ratio is independently correlated with hepatosteatosis in patients with HCV: a cross-sectional observational study. BMJ Open. 2015;5: e008797. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008797</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huynh T., Zhang J., Hu K.-Q. Hepatitis C virus clearance by direct-acting antiviral results in rapid resolution of hepatocytic injury as indicated by both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase normalization. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology. 2018;6(3):258—263. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2018.00014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huynh T, Zhang J, Hu KQ. Hepatitis C virus clearance by direct-acting antiviral results in rapid resolution of hepatocytic injury as indicated by both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase normalization. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2018;6(3):258—263. doi:10.14218/JCTH.2018.00014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akbar N., Tasneem A.A., Khan R.T.Y., Kumar S., Majid Z., Luck N.H. Utility of BE3A score in predicting outcome of patients with hepatitis C related decompensated cirrhosis treated with direct acting antiviral therapy. International Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports. 2021;16:382. doi: 10.46998/IJCMCR.2021.16.000382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akbar N, Tasneem AA, Khan RTY, Kumar S, Majid Z, Luck NH. Utility of BE3A score in predicting outcome of patients with hepatitis C related decompensated cirrhosis treated with direct acting antiviral therapy. Int J Clin Med Case Rep. 2021;16:382. doi:10.46998/IJCMCR.2021.16.000382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pokorska-Śpiewak M., Dobrzeniecka A., Talarek E., Aniszewska M., Marczyńska M. To treat or not to treat young children with hepatitis C? — reallife experience. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2025;184:665. doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06517-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokorska-Śpiewak M, Dobrzeniecka A, Talarek E, Aniszewska M, Marczyńska M. To treat or not to treat young children with hepatitis C? — reallife experience. Eur J Pediatr. 2025;184:665. doi:10.1007/s00431-025-06517-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
