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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detinf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ДЕТСКИЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHILDREN INFECTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8107</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8139</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Pediatricians and Infection Disease doctors</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22627/2072-8107-2026-25-1-60-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detinf-1149</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CASE FROM PRACTICAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Случаи висцерального лейшманиоза у детей: сложный путь к диагнозу</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cases of visceral leishmaniasis in children: a difficult path to diagnosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-7671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гопаца</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gopatsa</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гопаца Галина Витальевна, к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник клинического отдела инфекционной патологии Центрального НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора; доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней РМАНПО </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galentinabk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7642-9264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoreva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хорева Виктория Витальевна, ординатор кафедры инфекционных болезней </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vika2092000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-711X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничная</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichnaya</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пшеничная Наталья Юрьевна, д.м.н., профессор, заместитель директора по клинико-аналитической работе ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора; заведующая кафедрой инфекционных болезней РМАНПО, профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней ГБУЗ «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского» </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pshenichnaya@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6607-3793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеботарева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chebotareva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеботарева Татьяна Александровна д.м.н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой детских инфекционных болезней </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chebotarevata@rmapo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8918-2271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермакова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермакова Лариса Александровна, к.м.н., заведующая клиникой инфекционных и паразитарных болезней ФБУН «Ростовский НИИ микробиологии и паразитологии Роспотребнадзора»; доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней РМАНПО </p><p>Москва </p><p>Ростов-на-Дону </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p><p> Rostov-on-Don </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ya.parazitov-net@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-2838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипят</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antypyat</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антипят Наталья Александровна, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части  </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natadoc70@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-0439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверева</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvereva</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверева Надежда Николаевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zvereva_nadezhda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-3728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайфуллин</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayfullin</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сайфуллин Руслан Фаридович, к.м.н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей  </p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ppsaifullin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Инфекционная клиническая больница № 1 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»; ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Infectious Clinical Hospital №1; Central Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education; Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky,<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФБУН «Ростовский научно-исследовательский институт микробиологии и паразитологии Роспотребнадзора»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education; Rostov Scientific Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Инфекционная клиническая больница № 1 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Infectious Clinical Hospital №1<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Пироговский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Пироговский Университет); ФГБНУ «Федеральный научно-практический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гопаца Г.В., Хорева В.В., Пшеничная Н.Ю., Чеботарева Т.А., Ермакова Л.А., Антипят Н.А., Зверева Н.Н., Сайфуллин Р.Ф., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гопаца Г.В., Хорева В.В., Пшеничная Н.Ю., Чеботарева Т.А., Ермакова Л.А., Антипят Н.А., Зверева Н.Н., Сайфуллин Р.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gopatsa G.V., Khoreva V.V., Pshenichnaya N.Y., Chebotareva T.A., Ermakova L.A., Antypyat N.A., Zvereva N.N., Sayfullin R.F.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1149">https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1149</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены два клинических случая висцерального лейшманиоза (ВЛ) у детей младше 5 лет, один из которых был осложнён развитием гемофагоцитарного синдрома (ГФС). Оба случая демонстрируют диагностические трудности, с которыми сталкиваются педиатры в неэндемичных регионах, где ВЛ может имитировать злокачественные, гематологические или инфекционные заболевания. Описан алгоритм клинико-лабораторной диагностики, включая паразитологическое исследование костного мозга, молекулярно-биологические методы, а также особенности дифференциальной диагностики. В статье обсуждаются подходы к лечению, включая использование амфотерицина B и применение иммуномодулирующей терапии (глюкокортикостероиды, внутривенный иммуноглобулин) при ВЛ, осложнённом ГФС. Отмечается необходимость повышения клинической настороженности в неэндемичных регионах и внедрения высокоспецифичных методов диагностики для своевременного выявления заболевания и предотвращения осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents two clinical cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in children under 5 years of age, one of which was complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS). Both cases illustrate the diagnostic challenges encountered in non-endemic regions, where VL may mimic malignancies, hematologic, or infectious diseases. The authors describe the diagnostic algorithm involving bone marrow microscopy, molecular (PCR) testing, and differential diagnosis. The treatment strategies included amphotericin B therapy and immunomodulatory treatment (dexamethasone and intravenous immunoglobulin) for VL with HPS complications. The article emphasizes the need to raise clinical awareness in non-endemic areas and to expand access to sensitive diagnostic methods to ensure timely identification of VL and prevent severe outcomes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>висцеральный лейшманиоз</kwd><kwd>гемофагоцитарный синдром</kwd><kwd>детский возраст</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>visceral leishmaniasis</kwd><kwd>hemophagocytic syndrome</kwd><kwd>childhood</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисов Л.Б. Медицинская микробиология, вирусология и иммунология: учебник. Москва: ООО «Медицинское информационное агентство»; 2001. 736—737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisov LB. Meditsinskaya mikrobiologiya, virusologiya i immunologiya: uchebnik [Medical microbiology, virology and immunology: textbook]. 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