detinfДЕТСКИЕ ИНФЕКЦИИCHILDREN INFECTIONS2072-81072618-8139Association of Pediatricians and Infection Disease doctors10.22627/2072-8107-2020-19-3-5-11detinf-517Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESРоль детей и взрослых как резервуара возбудителей в период сезонного подъема заболеваемости инфекциями верхних дыхательных путейThe role of children and adults as a reservoir of pathogens during the seasonal rise in the incidence of upper respiratory tract infectionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7040-7653СоломайТ. В.SolomayT. V.

Соломай Татьяна Валерьевна - кандидат медицинских наук, PhD, заместитель руководителя, Межрегиональное управление №1 ФМБА России, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория эпидемиологического анализа и мониторинга инфекционных заболеваний, НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова.

Москва

Moscow

solomay@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-9011СемененкоТ. А.SemenenkoT. A.

Семененко Татьяна Анатольевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела эпидемиологии, Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи.

TatianaSemenenko

Moscow

semenenko@gamaleya.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-9624ФилатовН. Н.FilatovN. N.

Филатов Николай Николаевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заместитель директора по научной работе, НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И.И Мечникова, заведующий кафедрой эпидемиологии и современных технологий вакцинации, Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова.

Москва

Nikolay Filatov

Moscow

n.n.filatov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-7710КолбутоваК. Б.KolbutovaK. B.

Колбутова Ксения Борисовна - заместитель главного врача, руководитель испытательного лабораторного центра.

Москва

Ksenija Kolbutova

Moscow

fmba-gcge@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-9706ОлейниковаД. Ю.OleinikovaD. Yu.

Олейникова Дарья Юрьевна - заместитель руководителя испытательного лабораторного центра, заведующая централизованной лабораторией микробиологических и клинико-диагностических исследований.

Dar'ja Oleinikova

Moscow

fmba-gcge@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3840-963XКаражасН. В.KarazhasN. V.

Каражас Наталия Владимировна - доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией эпидемиологии оппортунистических инфекций, НИИЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи Минздрава России.

Москва

Natalia Karazhas

Moscow

karazhas@inbox.ruМежрегиональное управление №1 ФМБА России; ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. МечниковаРоссияInterregional Administration No.1 of the FMBA of Russia; Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums named after I.I. MechnikovRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России; ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)РоссияNational Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamalei; First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov, (Sechenov University)Russian FederationФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова; ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)РоссияResearch Institute of Vaccines and Serums named after I.I. Mechnikov; First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov, (Sechenov University)Russian FederationФГБУЗ «Головной центр гигиены и эпидемиологии» ФМБА РоссииРоссияHead Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of FMBA of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава РоссииРоссияNational Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. GamaleiRussian Federation202030092020193511Copyright © Соломай Т.В., Семененко Т.А., Филатов Н.Н., Колбутова К.Б., Олейникова Д.Ю., Каражас Н.В., 20202020Соломай Т.В., Семененко Т.А., Филатов Н.Н., Колбутова К.Б., Олейникова Д.Ю., Каражас Н.В.Solomay T.V., Semenenko T.A., Filatov N.N., Kolbutova K.B., Oleinikova D.Y., Karazhas N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/517

Инфекция, вызванная вирусом Эпштейна-Барр (ВЭБ), чаще встречается у детей и передается при контакте со слюной. Роль взрослых в эпидемическом процессе изучена недостаточно.

Цель — изучить роль детей и взрослых с катаральными явлениями в распространении ВЭБ в период сезонного эпидемического подъема заболеваемости инфекциями верхних дыхательных путей (ИВДП).

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. В эпидемический сезон 2019—2020 гг. методом ПЦР на наличие ВЭБ и других возбудителей ИВДП в мазках их носо- и ротоглотки обследовано 226 человек с катаральными явлениями (140 взрослых и 86 детей).

Результаты

Результаты. Достоверные различия в частоте обнаружения возбудителей у детей и взрослых не установлены. В этих группах ВЭБ выявлялся как единственный возбудитель и в сочетании с другими патогенами. Наличие насморка, чихания и кашля для ВЭБ нехарактерно, но имеет место при сочетании ВЭБ с другими возбудителями ИВДП.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. Присутствие ВЭБ в носо- и ротоглотке у детей и взрослых играет важную роль в распространении возбудителя. Сочетание ВЭБ с другими возбудителями, вызывающими насморк, чихание, кашель, способствует формированию более концентрированного инфекционного аэрозоля и распространению его на большие расстояния.

Выводы

Выводы. В период сезонного эпидемического подъема дети и взрослые в равной степени вовлекаются в эпидемический процесс ИВДП и являются источниками ВЭБ-инфекции с частотой 31,39 и 37,14 на 100 обследованных и средней концентрацией вируса в мазках 31 199 и 33 074 копий/мл соответственно. У детей и взрослых ВЭБ выявлялся в сочетании с другими возбудителями ИВДП с частотой 16,28 и 1 8,57 на 100 обследованных соответственно. Присутствие ВЭБ в верхних дыхательных путях совместно с другими патогенами способствует активной передаче ВЭБ в период сезонного эпидемического подъема ИВДП.

Infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is more common in children and is transmitted through contact with saliva. The role of adults in the epidemic process has not been sufficiently studied.

The goal is to study the role of children and adults with catarrhal phenomena in the spread of EBV during the seasonal epidemic rise in the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI).

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. In the epidemic season of 201 9—2020, 226 people with catarrhal symptoms (140 adults and 86 children) were examined by PCR for the presence of EBV and other URTI pathogens in their nasal and oropharyngeal smears.

Results

Results. Significant differences in the frequency of detection of pathogens in children and adults have not been established. In both groups, EBV was detected as a single pathogen and in combination with other pathogens. The presence of a runny nose, sneezing and coughing is unusual for EBV, but occurs when EBV is combined with other URTI pathogens.

Discussion

Discussion. The presence of EBV in the nasopharynx and oropharynx in children and adults plays an important role in the spread of the pathogen. The combination of EBV with other pathogens that cause runny nose, sneezing, and coughing contributes to the formation of a more concentrated infectious aerosol and its spread over long distances.

Conclusions

Conclusions. During the seasonal epidemic upsurge, children and adults are equally involved in URTI epidemic process and are sources of EBV infection with a frequency of 3 1.39 and 37.14 per 1 00 examined and an average concentration of the virus in smears of 31 199 and 33 074 copies/ ml, respectively. In children and adults, EBV was detected in combination with other U RTI pathogens with a frequency of 1 6.28 and 1 8.57 per 1 00 subjects, respectively. The presence of EBV in the upper respiratory tract, together with other pathogens, contributes to the active transmission of EBV during the seasonal epidemic rise of upper respiratory tract infections.

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Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018 Oct; 25:197—199. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.041Downham C, Visser E, Vickers M, Counsell C. Season of infectious mononucleosis as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: A UK primary care case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 Oct; 17:103—106. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.07.009.Holden DW Gold J, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Saxton JM, Carter A, Sharrack B. Epstein Barr virus shedding in multiple sclerosis: Similar frequencies of EBV in saliva across separate patient cohorts. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018 Oct; 25:197—199. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.07.041Levine H, Mimouni D, Grotto I, Zahavi A, Ankol O, Huerta-Hartal M. Secular and seasonal trends of infectious mononucleosis among young adults in Israel: 1978—2009. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 May; 31(5):757—60. doi: 10.1007/s10096-011-1371-2.Visser E, Milne D, Collacott I, McLernon D, Counsell C, Vickers M. The epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis in Northern Scotland: a decreasing incidence and winter peak. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Mar 20; 14:151. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-151.Gralton J, Tovey E, McLaws ML, Rawlinson WD. The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review. J Infect. 2011 Jan; 62(1):1—1 3. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.010.Visser E, Milne D, Collacott I, McLernon D, Counsell C, Vickers M. The epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis in Northern Scotland: a decreasing incidence and winter peak. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Mar 20; 14:151. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-151.Wainwright C.E., France M.W, O'Rourke P., Anuj S., Kidd TJ., Nis-sen M.D., et al. Cough-generated aerosols of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2009; 64: 926—931.Lossius A, Riise T, Pugliatti M, Bjornevik K, Casetta I, Drulovic J, Granieri E, Kampman MT, Landtblom AM, Lauer K, Magalhaes S, Myhr KM, Pekmezovic T, Wesnes K, Wolfson C, Holmoy T. Season of infectious mononucleosis and risk of multiple sclerosis at different latitudes; the Env IMS Study. Mult Scler. 2014 May; 20(6):669—74. doi: 10.1177/1352458513505693.Fabian P., McDevitt JJ., DeHaan W.H., Fung R.O.P., Cowling B.J., Chan K.H., et al. Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study. PLoS ONE. 2008; 3 (07/16): e2691Lossius A, Riise T, Pugliatti M, Bjornevik K, Casetta I, Drulovic J, Granieri E, Kampman MT, Landtblom AM, Lauer K, Magalhaes S, Myhr KM, Pekmezovic T, Wesnes K, Wolfson C, Holmoy T. Season of infectious mononucleosis and risk of multiple sclerosis at different latitudes; the Env IMS Study. Mult Scler. 2014 May; 20(6):669—74. doi: 10.1177/1352458513505693.Milton DK, Fabian MP, Cowling BJ, Grantham ML, McDevitt JJ. Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, cul-turability, and effect of surgical masks. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Mar; 9(3):e1003205. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205.Downham C, Visser E, Vickers M, Counsell C. Season of infectious mononucleosis as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: A UK primary care case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 Oct; 17:103—106. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.07.009.Downham C, Visser E, Vickers M, Counsell C. Season of infectious mononucleosis as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: A UK primary care case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 Oct; 17:103—106. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.07.009.Downham C, Visser E, Vickers M, Counsell C. Season of infectious mononucleosis as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: A UK primary care case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 Oct; 17:103—106. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.07.009.Levine H, Mimouni D, Grotto I, Zahavi A, Ankol O, Huerta-Hartal M. Secular and seasonal trends of infectious mononucleosis among young adults in Israel: 1978—2009. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 May; 31(5):757—60. doi: 10.1007/s10096-011-1371-2.Levine H, Mimouni D, Grotto I, Zahavi A, Ankol O, Huerta-Hartal M. Secular and seasonal trends of infectious mononucleosis among young adults in Israel: 1978—2009. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 May; 31(5):757—60. doi: 10.1007/s10096-011-1371-2.Levine H, Mimouni D, Grotto I, Zahavi A, Ankol O, Huerta-Hartal M. Secular and seasonal trends of infectious mononucleosis among young adults in Israel: 1978—2009. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 May; 31(5):757—60. doi: 10.1007/s10096-011-1371-2.Levine H, Mimouni D, Grotto I, Zahavi A, Ankol O, Huerta-Hartal M. Secular and seasonal trends of infectious mononucleosis among young adults in Israel: 1978—2009. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012 May; 31(5):757—60. doi: 10.1007/s10096-011-1371-2.Gralton J, Tovey E, McLaws ML, Rawlinson WD. The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review. J Infect. 2011 Jan; 62(1):1—1 3. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.010.Gralton J, Tovey E, McLaws ML, Rawlinson WD. The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review. J Infect. 2011 Jan; 62(1):1—1 3. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.010.Gralton J, Tovey E, McLaws ML, Rawlinson WD. The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review. J Infect. 2011 Jan; 62(1):1—1 3. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.010.Gralton J, Tovey E, McLaws ML, Rawlinson WD. The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: a review. J Infect. 2011 Jan; 62(1):1—1 3. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.11.010.Wainwright C.E., France M.W, O'Rourke P., Anuj S., Kidd TJ., Nis-sen M.D., et al. Cough-generated aerosols of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2009; 64: 926—931.Wainwright C.E., France M.W, O'Rourke P., Anuj S., Kidd TJ., Nis-sen M.D., et al. Cough-generated aerosols of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2009; 64: 926—931.Wainwright C.E., France M.W, O'Rourke P., Anuj S., Kidd TJ., Nis-sen M.D., et al. Cough-generated aerosols of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2009; 64: 926—931.Wainwright C.E., France M.W, O'Rourke P., Anuj S., Kidd TJ., Nis-sen M.D., et al. Cough-generated aerosols of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria from patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2009; 64: 926—931.Fabian P., McDevitt JJ., DeHaan W.H., Fung R.O.P., Cowling B.J., Chan K.H., et al. Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study. PLoS ONE. 2008; 3 (07/16): e2691Fabian P., McDevitt JJ., DeHaan W.H., Fung R.O.P., Cowling B.J., Chan K.H., et al. Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study. PLoS ONE. 2008; 3 (07/16): e2691Fabian P., McDevitt JJ., DeHaan W.H., Fung R.O.P., Cowling B.J., Chan K.H., et al. Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study. PLoS ONE. 2008; 3 (07/16): e2691Fabian P., McDevitt JJ., DeHaan W.H., Fung R.O.P., Cowling B.J., Chan K.H., et al. Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study. PLoS ONE. 2008; 3 (07/16): e2691Milton DK, Fabian MP, Cowling BJ, Grantham ML, McDevitt JJ. Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, cul-turability, and effect of surgical masks. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Mar; 9(3):e1003205. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205.Milton DK, Fabian MP, Cowling BJ, Grantham ML, McDevitt JJ. Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, cul-turability, and effect of surgical masks. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Mar; 9(3):e1003205. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205.Milton DK, Fabian MP, Cowling BJ, Grantham ML, McDevitt JJ. Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, cul-turability, and effect of surgical masks. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Mar; 9(3):e1003205. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205.Milton DK, Fabian MP, Cowling BJ, Grantham ML, McDevitt JJ. Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, cul-turability, and effect of surgical masks. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Mar; 9(3):e1003205. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.