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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detinf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ДЕТСКИЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHILDREN INFECTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8107</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8139</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Pediatricians and Infection Disease doctors</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22627/2072-8107-2021-20-4-35-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detinf-640</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вирусные гепатиты у детей: состояние и перспективы решения проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Viral hepatitis in children: state and prospects for solving the problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-733X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горячева</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goriacheva</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горячева Лариса Георгиевна, д.м.н., проф. кафедры инфекционных заболеваний к детей ПП и ДПО</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, leading Researcher</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">goriacheva@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9793-8358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венцловайте</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ventslovayte</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Венцловайте Наталья Дмитриевна, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ventslovayte.nd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-5352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грешнякова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Greshnyakova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грешнякова Вера Александровна, к.м.н., научный сотрудник отдела вирусных гепатитов</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D, Researcher</p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veramamayeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства; ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency; Saint-Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federarion<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горячева Л.Г., Венцловайте Н.Д., Грешнякова В.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горячева Л.Г., Венцловайте Н.Д., Грешнякова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goriacheva L.G., Ventslovayte N.D., Greshnyakova V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/640">https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/640</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема вирусных гепатитов (ВГ) на сегодняшний день остро стоит перед мировой системой здравоохранения. Наряду с пандемией COVID-19, пандемия ВГ уносит до 1,5 млн жизней ежегодно. С 2016 года в РФ начата реализация программы ВОЗ, направленной на борьбу с ВГ. Одна из первых ступеней на пути глобальной элиминации — избавление от вируса в так называемых малых группах, среди которых микроэлиминация в детской популяции является одним из перспективных направлений. Обзор посвящен актуальному состоянию проблемы ВГ у детей в РФ на сегодняшний день. Успехи вакцинопрофилактики (против вирусных гепатитов А и В) позволили достичь результатов в виде значительного снижения заболеваемости детей, минимизации риска перинатального инфицирования. Однако в последние годы отмечается прогрессивный спад охвата населения вакцинацией. Главным образом, это связано с ростом популярности антивакцинальных лобби, снижением осведомленности пациентов и медработников о необходимости своевременной вакцинации, а также введением ограничительных мер по профилактике новой коронавирусной инфекции. Появление мутантных, «вакциноускользающих» штаммов, резистентных также и к доступным противовирусным препаратам является еще одной серьезной проблемой на пути ликвидации вирусного ВГВ. В области лечения детей с ВГВ возможности крайне ограничены, доступны только 2 препарата, один из которых (тенофовира алафенамид) — лишь с 12 лет. Регистрация препаратов прямого противовирусного действия для лечения подростков с хроническим гепатитом С позволила приблизить реализацию цели микроэлиминации вируса у детей. Однако высокая стоимость лекарств ставит перед государством задачу необходимости внедрения долгосрочных льготных программ для обеспечения доступности лечения. Кроме того, на данный момент, лечение детей младшего возраста в нашей стане остается перспективой будущего.</p><p>Таким образом, несмотря на значительные успехи в отношении стратегии элиминации вирусных гепатитов, ряд проблем остается актуальным и доставляет значительные трудности в достижении глобальной цели.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of viral hepatitis (VH) today is an acute problem for the world healthcare system. Along with the COVID-19 pandemic, the VH pandemic claims up to 1.5 million lives annually. Since 2016, the Russian Federation has launched a WHO program aimed at combating VH. One of the first steps on the path of global elimination is getting rid of the virus in the small groups, among which micro-elimination in the child population is one of the promising areas.</p><p>This review is devoted to the current state of the problem of VH in children in the Russian Federation today. The success of vaccine prevention (against viral hepatitis A and B) made it possible to achieve results in the form of a significant decrease in the incidence of children, minimizing the risk of perinatal infection. However, in recent years, there has been a progressive decline in vaccination coverage. This is mainly due to the growing popularity of anti-vaccination lobbies, a decrease in the awareness of patients and health workers about the need for timely vaccination, as well as the introduction of restrictive measures to prevent a new coronavirus infection. The emergence of mutant, "vaccine-eluting" strains, which are also resistant to available antiviral drugs, is another serious problem on the way to eliminating viral HBV. In the field of treating children with HBV, the possibilities are extremely limited, only 2 drugs are available, one of which (tenofovir alafenamide) is available only from the age of 12. Registration of direct antiviral drugs for the treatment of adolescents with chronic hepatitis C has made it possible to bring closer the goal of microelimination of the virus in children. However, the high cost of drugs poses a challenge for the state to introduce long-term benefit programs to ensure the availability of treatment. In addition, at the moment, the treatment of young children in our country remains a prospect for the future.</p><p>Thus, despite significant advances in the strategy for the elimination of viral hepatitis, a number of problems remain relevant and present significant difficulties in achieving the global goal.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирусный гепатит А</kwd><kwd>вирусный гепатит В</kwd><kwd>вирусный гепатит С</kwd><kwd>микроэлиминация</kwd><kwd>вакцинопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>перинатальное инфицирование</kwd><kwd>препараты прямого противовирусного действия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>viral hepatitis A</kwd><kwd>viral hepatitis B</kwd><kwd>viral hepatitis C</kwd><kwd>micro-elimination</kwd><kwd>vaccine prophylaxis</kwd><kwd>perinatal infection</kwd><kwd>direct antiviral drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.who.int/ru/health-topics/hepatitis# (accessed: 06.11.2021)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.who.int/ru/health-topics/hepatitis# (accessed: 06.11.2021)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016—2021. 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