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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">detinf</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ДЕТСКИЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHILDREN INFECTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8107</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8139</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Association of Pediatricians and Infection Disease doctors</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22627/2072-8107-2023-22-4-48-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">detinf-888</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция гемофильной инфекции в вакцинальный период: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of Haemophilus influenzae infection during the vaccination period: literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7743-9326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красивский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasivskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красивский Александр Владимирович, аспирант кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wow125125@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-6700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалев Олег Борисович, д.м.н., профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kovalev О., MD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor87@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-5046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисова Ольга Юрьевна, д.м.н., профессор кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Borisova О., MD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgborisova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6033-6695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамшева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamsheva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамшева Ольга Васильевна, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней у детей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shamsheva О., MD, Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ch-infection@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-8909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красивская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasivskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красивская Анна Владимировна, студентка 6 курса </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">0832976@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-7382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молочкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molochkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Молочкова Оксана Вадимовна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней у детей</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Molochkova О., PhD, Аssociate professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ci-journal@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-6131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турина</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turina</surname><given-names>I. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Турина Ирина Евгеньевна, к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии и детских инфекционных болезней</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Turina I., PhD, Аssociate professor</p><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turina11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России ; Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University ; Gabrichevsky Research Institute оf Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Красивский А.В., Ковалев О.Б., Борисова О.Ю., Шамшева О.В., Красивская А.В., Молочкова О.В., Турина И.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Красивский А.В., Ковалев О.Б., Борисова О.Ю., Шамшева О.В., Красивская А.В., Молочкова О.В., Турина И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krasivskiy A.V., Kovalev O.B., Borisova O.Y., Shamsheva O.V., Krasivskaya A.V., Molochkova O.V., Turina I.Е.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/888">https://detinf.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/888</self-uri><abstract><p>Массовая иммунизация H. influenzae типа b (Hib)-вакцинами привела к резкому снижению заболеваемости инвазивными и неивазивными формами гемофильной инфекции. H. influenzae вызывает разнообразный спектр заболеваний от обычно бессимптомного носительства до отита, синусита, эпиглоттита, пневмонии, эндоперикардита, воспаления подкожной клетчатки, артрита и является одним из четырех главных возбудителей бактериального менингита. Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор отечественных и зарубежных публикаций за последние 20 лет в поисковых системах PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library и Elibrary с целью выявления значимости гемофильной инфекции в вакцинальный период на основе анализа о ее распространении, клинических формах, а также антибиотикорезистентности возбудителя. Результаты. После начала массовой иммунизации от данной инфекции, H. influenzae типа b больше не является доминирующим серотипом, вызывающим инвазивные формы инфекций в большинстве стран. Повсеместно в мире лидирующие позиции занимают случаи инфекции, вызванные нетипируемыми серотипами H. influenzae, среди капсульных форм преобладают H. influenzae типа a, f и b (Hia, Hif, Hib). Незащищенные аминопенициллины, цефалоспорины II поколения и сульфаниламиды являются ведущими классами антибактериальных препаратов, к которым выработалась резистентность у штаммов H. influenzae. Разнообразие клинических форм по-прежнему актуально для гемофильной инфекции. Бактериемия, менингит и пневмония являются основными клиническими проявлениями инвазивной гемофильной инфекции, вызываемой типируемыми и нетипируемыми серотипами возбудителя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mass immunization with H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines has led to a sharp decrease in the incidence of invasive and non-invasive forms of Haemophilus influenza infection. H. influenzae causes a diverse spectrum of diseases from usually asymptomatic carriage to otitis, sinusitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, endopericarditis, inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, arthritis, and is one of the four main causative agents of bacterial meningitis. Materials and methods. In order to identify the significance of Hemophilus influenzae infection during the vaccination period, an analysis was carried out on the spread of Hemophilus influenzae infection, its clinical forms, as well as the antibiotic resistance of the pathogen. A review of domestic and foreign publications over the past 20 years was conducted in the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Elibrary. Results. Studies conducted in various countries show that after the start of mass immunization, H. influenzae type b is no longer the dominant serotype of the pathogen causing invasive infections in most countries. Everywhere in the world, the leading positions are occupied by cases of infection caused by non-typable serotypes of H. influenzae type a, f, b (Hia, Hif, Hib) predominate among the capsular forms. Unprotected aminopenicillins, second-generation cephalosporins, and sulfonamides are the leading classes of antibacterial drugs to which H. influenzae strains have developed resistance. A variety of clinical forms is still relevant for hemophilic infection. Bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia are the main clinical manifestations of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infection caused by typed and non-typed serotypes of the pathogen.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>H. influenzae типа b</kwd><kwd>гемофильная палочка</kwd><kwd>серотип</kwd><kwd>вакцинопрофилактика</kwd><kwd>резистентность к антибиотикам</kwd><kwd>чувствительность к антибиотикам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>H. influenza type b</kwd><kwd>serotype</kwd><kwd>vaccine prevention</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>antibiotic sensitivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">LaCross N.C., Marrs C.F. and Gilsdorf J.R. Population structure in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. 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