The etiology and clinical manifestations of acute intestinal infections in children, according to the Moscow hospital for 2016—2018

The aim of the study was to study the etiology and clinical manifestations of acute intestinal infections (AII) in children aged 1 month to 18 years old who were hospitalized in the infectious diseases ward of a Moscow city hospital  in 2016—2018.

A retrospective analysis of 9076 case histories was performed. Etiological interpretation was carried out using bacteriological examination of feces, latex agglutination reaction, immunochromatographic analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological reactions (indirect hemagglutination test).

The majority of children hospitalized with AII (62.2%) were 1—6 years of age. The etiology of AII was deciphered in 32% of cases. Acute intestinal infections of viral etiology prevail (64%), among them — rotavirus (73%), less often — norovirus (21%). AII of bacterial etiology accounted for only 14%, among them salmonellosis remains significant (5.6%), and in young children — staphylococcal infection (1.7%). There were also mixed infections (22%), mainly of viral and bacterial etiology. Noteworthy is the increase in the frequency of occurrence of bacterial AII in the winter season. The leading topical diagnosis in the vast majority of patients (85.1%) was gastroenteritis with the development of exsiccosis (77.6%).

1. Information on infectious and parasitic diseases in January-December 2018 in the Russian Federation. Detskie Infektsii=Children's infections. 2019; 18(1):5. (In Russ.)

2. On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation in 2017: State report. M.: Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, 2018: 268. (In Russ.)

3. Briko N.I., Gorelov A.V. Rotavirus infection: a modern view of the problem. Meditsinskiy Vestnik. 2014; 14—15: 663—4. (In Russ.)

4. Mazankova L.N., Ilina N.O., and others. Modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment of acute intestinal infections in children. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii. 2007; 52(2): 4—10. (In Russ.)

5. Krasnov M.V., Akimova V.P., Stekolschikova I.A., Andreeva L.V. Clinical and epidemiological features of rotavirus infection in children. Meditsinskiy Al'manakh. 2016; 5(45): 229—231. (In Russ.)

6. Mazankova L.N., Gorbunov S.G. Diagnosis and treatment of rotavirus infection in young children. Farmateka. 2017; 4(337):24—29. (In Russ.)

7. Field M. Intestinal ion transport and the pathophysiology of diarrhea. J Clin Invest. 2003, 111: 931—943.

8. Molochkova O.V., O.B. Kovalev, A.L. Rossina, O.V. Shamsheva, A.A. Korsunsky, O.A. Kashchenko, E.V. Galeeva, N.I. Krylatov, S.B. Chuelov, E.Yu. Pylaeva, V.E. Karaulov. Clinical and etiological characteristics of AII in hospitalized children of the city of Moscow in 2015—2017. Detskie Infektsii=Children's infections. 2018; 17(3): 27—33. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2018-17-3-27-33

9. Mazankova L.N., Perlovskaya S.G. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Cl. difficile infection in children: risk factors. Detskie Infektsii=Children's infections. 2015; 14(2): 29—34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2015-14-2-30-34

10. Molochkova O.V., O.B. Kovalev, A.A. Novokshonov, E.V. Novosad, A.L. Rossina, O.V. Shamsheva. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of campylobacteriosis in children. Pediatriya=Pediatrics. 2017; 96 (6): 53—56. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24110/0031-403X-2017-96-6-53-56