Vaccine is essentially the only measure by which there is a real opportunity to eliminate an infectious disease. And the flu is no exception. The high variability of influenza virus A/H1N1, which causes a pandemic, and most epidemics, is the problem of creating effective etiotropic treatments and vaccines. The emergence of new vaccine manufacturing technologies, such as genetic engineering, DNA technology, allows for a fresh look at the problem of influenza eradication on the planet. Universal year-round mass vaccination against influenza, not just high-risk groups, should be included in all national vaccination program, but this strategy will help stop influenza infection.

18—19 May 2016 in Moscow hosted the annual IX Sientific-practical conference «Infectious Aspects of Somatic Diseases in Children».

Objective: To determine the peculiarities of the intestinal microbiota in infants and its role in the development of gastrointestinal pathology.

Clinical and microbiological examination of 60 pairs of «mother-child» in identifying risk factors for antenatal and microecological status of pregnant women with subsequent monitoring of the health of children up to 3—5 years.

It was revealed that antenatal risk factors and disorders of the microbiota of the vagina and intestine in pregnancy contribute to innate decrease colonization resistance in children that initiates persistence and enhanced proliferation of opportunistic bacteria in the intestines of children with the development of the syndrome of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, most of them to 3—5 years.

The study of the dynamics of serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in newborns with intrauterine herpes infection in the early neonatal period. It has been studied 38 children born to mothers with chronic herpes infections (НI). High concentrations of plasma matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor in infants with intrauterine herpes infection indicates the activation of the destruction of the extracellular matrix and is preceded by the implementation of the clinical manifestations of infection. Increased levels of MMP-9, while maintaining stable or decreasing values of TIMP-1 reflects the pathogenic activity of the infectious process, accompanied by excessive proteolysis.

Children with chronic diseases of respiratory tract were investigated for IgM and IgG serum antibodies to viruses (Herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus) and bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis + pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumonia) by ELISA and for telomere length of their lymphocytes by fluorescent hybridization in situ followed by flow cytomerty (FlowFISH). The purpose of the study was to compare the lymphocyte telomere length of these seropositive and seronegative children. Regression analysis and analysis of percent distribution relative to the regression line have compensated age differences between seropositive and seronegative groops and demonstrated shorter telomeres in lymphocytes of children those have serum antibodies to viruses in all combinations (including combinations with antibodies to bacteria) in contrast to seronegative children of the same age.

The article presents the results of many, including the blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of domestic antiviral drug Kagocel® obtained by chemical synthesis from the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose and low-molecular weight polyphenol natural vegetable origin (cotton). The main mechanism of action of the drug is its ability to induce the production of interferons, and more specifically, the late-interferons, whose peak activity is reached after 18-24 hours after the conduct of the inductor. It is shown that the drug can be used in adults and children, not only in the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections, including proceeding with complications (obstructive laryngitis and BOS syndrome, lacunar angina, etc..), but also in viral lesions of the gastrointestinal tract rotavirus and norovirus etiology and affect the rate of elimination of the viruses.

The data on the frequency of the spread of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in children. A different incidence of AAD in children of different age groups, highest in children under the age of 3 years.

The possibility of reducing the frequency of its development when administered prophylactically domestic probiotic containing Lactobacillus — Acipol on the background of antibiotic therapy. Prophylactic Acipol can reduce the incidence of AAD in these patients is 21%, and reduce the duration and severity of diarrheal syndrome.

We observed 50 children aged 3 to 15 years, admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of acute respiratory disease, occurring in all children with clinical manifestations of acute tonsillopharyngitis, half of the children — with symptoms of rhinitis and laryngotracheitis, tracheobronchitis and bronchitis. In the group of children receiving hexetidine (25) had a significantly faster compared to the control group (25), reducing the duration of symptoms such as redness and pain in the throat. The presence of hexetidine antiviral and antibacterial activity allows the physician to refrain from the immediate purpose of the course of antibiotic therapy, and allows time for her studies.

The data on the causal effects of interferons (IFN) and interferon inductors on a wide range of respiratory viruses and stimulate the immune system. The mechanism of action of interferon inductors, provides an assessment of the efficacy and safety of domestic drug Amixin® (tiloron) for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza in adults and children over 7 years. Application of Amixin® reduced the duration of the main symptoms of the disease contributed to the normalization of the immune status, reduced the incidence of SARS and influenza complications. Appointment of Amixin® in children older than 7 years with chronic herpes virus infection, has contributed to the clinical and laboratory remission and improvement of lymphocyte subpopulation composition.

Submitted by optimizing the treatment of acute stenosing laryngitis (croup) in children. The use of short courses of topical and systemic corticosteroids showed high clinical efficiency, shortening hospital stay, good tolerability and absence of side effects.

The article describes the features of the course of generalized meningococcal infection caused by W135 serogroup meningococcus in children of various age groups. Taking into account the load of the disease course, especially in children of older age, vaccination by tetravalent (A, C, W, Y) conjugated vaccine is recommended not only for children of early age but also adolescents.

The analysis of influence of difference pathology at children on structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis will allow to create approaches to prophylaxis of tuberculosis. Our retrospective research included 1165 children from 0 to 14 years with tuberculosis. Predisposition to development of tuberculosis of respiratory organs in children with the accompanying infectious pathology (90,3%) and with a combination infectious and somatic (93,6%) (χ²= 16,161, р = 0,000). The children with the isolated somatic pathology had the lowest indicators of a lesion of respiratory organs tuberculosis (84%). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is bound to existence of somatic pathology (8%) (χ²= 9,598, р = 0,029).

The study included 402 children with established etiology of acute intestinal infections (AII) at the age of 1 month. up to 5 years. That viruses (76.4%) are in the majority of cases the causative factor of AII in children in this age group is significantly less (23.6%) — pathogenic bacteria. Infections more often (62.4%) recorded in infants. At the same time at the age of 6 months, the peak registration viral diarrhea accounts for up to 1 year (41.3%), and bacterial-viral (36.3%), viral-viral (45%) and bacterial-bacterial (44.4% ) associations. Bacterial diarrhea often recorded in the older age groups — 1—2 years.

The article is devoted postzoster neuralgia, which presents a literature review and clinical case own observations — unfavorable outcome of varicella in a child of 7 years in the form of formed postzoster ganglionitis facial and trigeminal nerve - Hunt syndrome, neuropathy greater occipital nerve. Debated tactics of complex treatment and prevention methods for this pathology