As a result of many years of research, the role of Herpesviridae IV, V and VI types in the structure of various pathologies in children (with infectious mononucleosis (MI), CNS damage, long-term subfebrile syndrome, vasculitis syndrome, hepatitis, etc.) has been proven. MI is a polyethological disease associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6), occurring in mono(58%) and mixed infections in various combinations of herpesviruses (42%). Clinical manifestations of MI are typical and do not depend on etiology. With CMV and HHV6 IM, the response to heterophilic antibodies is always negative. Markers of herpesvirus infections were detected in 87% of children observed with neurological pathology. Children with diagnoses such as convulsive syndrome, epilepsy, neuropathy need a comprehensive examination (ELISA, PCR, Indirect immunofluorescence reaction) to identify markers of active replication of herpes viruses, with an emphasis on the detection of HHV6. In 44% of cases, the role of active herpesvirus infection in the etiology of prolonged subfebrile fever in children was proven, with mixed forms (78%) prevailing over monoinfection (22%). To identify the active forms of herpesvirus infection, it is important to detect the markers of viral replication. For EBV, this is the DNA of the virus in the blood, a smear from the tonsils and saliva, antigens of the complete assembly of EBV in blood lymphocytes, antibodies to the capsid antigen (VCA) of IgM and IgG classes, and IgG to the early (EA) antigen. With CMV infection, complete virus assembly antigens (pp65 and pp72) in blood lymphocytes and/or DNA of the virus in the blood, virus DNA in saliva and urine, antibodies to the IgM class virus and high IgG class titer in the blood. With HHV6 infection, the DNA of the virus in the blood, a smear from tonsils and saliva, complete antigens of HHV6 in blood lymphocytes, specific IgM and/or IgG antibodies are 2—4 times higher than the diagnostic values.

Comparative analysis of the results of clinical-laboratory and instrumental data from 379 patients hospitalized during 2009—2016, with influenza complicated with pneumonia, showed that the most severe lung lesions were statistically significantly more likely to develop in the first three days caused by shift changed influenza agent in patients with comorbid diseases — chronic diseases of heart and vessels (in isolation or in association with other factors). The differences of the main characteristics of pneumonia and the patterns of cytokine responses between survivors and deceased patients with a severe form of influenza.

Infants are dominated among patients with respiratory syncytial viral infection (RSVI). In patients with RSVI characteristic are lesions of the lower respiratory tract and development of bronchial obstruction. Laboratory indicators of intoxication (the level of CRP, Leukocyte index of intoxication (LII), hematologic indicator of intoxication (GPI), metabolic disorders and decreased oxygen saturation below 93% are indicators of the severity of the disease, which can predict the development of a more severe course of RSVI and its complications. 

The determination of cytokines in blood serum in 450 patients under the age of 14 years old with viral meningitis (VM) of different etiologies. In severe forms of VM the increase in IL-1b,IL-6, IL-8, TNF-a and decreased concentration of IL-2, INF-a, INF-g, compared to the level of the relevant indicators in the diseases of moderate severity and the norm. The revealed changes in cytokine regulation persisted into the period of convalescence, accompanied by stimulation of INF-a, INF-g and suppression of IL-2. Patients with a prolonged course of VM, a reduction in IL-8, INF-a, IL-1b and increase of INF-a and INF-g in serum, which may indicate a slow regression of the inflammatory process. Patients with fatal outcome was determined a significantly higher level of IL-6, INF-g in comparison with similar indicators of a severe form of VM, but with a favorable outcome. The settings in the content of cytokines in blood serum can be used in clinical practice to predict the course and outcomes of VM in children.

The purpose of the study is to determine of the effectiveness of different models of primary prevention of allergic diseases in children of the risk group (24 pairs-with perinatal prophylaxis, other 24 — postnatal) and influences the optimization of the intestinal microbiota on the histamin release. The advantages of the perinatal primary prevention of allergic diseases in children. It is more effective in reducing the incidence of allergic diseases (23% in perinatal, 56% at postnatal) and the severity of skin Allergy in the first year of life (perinatal prevention 100% — mild form, in postnatal — 88% mild form, 12% moderate form). Perinatal prevention of immunomodulator and synbiotic containing strain of L. acidophilus NK-1, with a certain diaminoksidazy activity, contributes to the reduction of the quantitative content and species composition of the intestinal microorganisms with high histamin release, positively affecting the pool of free histamine in infants.

The results of immunological monitoring of 40 children with early congenital syphilis in the acute period and after specific therapy. Revealed that the severity of changes in the immune system depend on the clinical form of the disease and the most significant group of children with polisimptomnym over syphilitic infection. The majority of the investigated immunological parameters after specific therapy in patients of this group are not restored to control values, which can be regarded as serious, not smooth during desease. Babies with early monosemeiotic form of congenital syphilis immunological indicators partially recovered, indicating a possible protracted course of the process. At the same time, patients with latent form of the disease immunological parameters restored to control values, which suggest a favorable prognosis.

Objective: to study the diet and the composition of the intestinal and vaginal microbiota of pregnant women and their influence on the process of establishing the intestinal microbiota of their children. Materials and methods: we examined 45 pairs of pregnant women and their newborns. Of these, 36 women with a pathological course of pregnancy (study group) and 9 clinical healthy (control group). Determined the daily diet of pregnant women with calculation of consumption of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and energy values per day. Research results: most women with patologicheskie pregnancy irregularities were detected in the diet: excessive consumption of protein 1.96 times, fats and carbohydrates — in 1,2 times and the lack of consumption of vitamin C and calcium. At 73.2% of them were detected dysbiotic changes of the vagina, in 67.5% of intestinal, from 57.5 per cent in the two habitats at the same time. Conclusion: the majority of women during pregnancy, the food was unbalanced and unsustainable. The identified correlation of deviations of supply pregnant women with those of their intestinal microbiota and the negative impact of these factors on the process of establishing the intestinal microbiota of their children, programming a congenital reduction of colonization resistance and the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota and the high risk of allergic, metabolic and infectious diseases.

Diagnostics of intrauterine infection associated with T. gondii, today is a task with an ambiguous solution for different specialists — gynecologists, obstetricians, neonatologists, infectious disease specialists, resuscitators. This problem is interdisciplinary, and its coordinated decision, diagnosis and treatment of this disease at an early stage will reduce the risk of stillbirths, deaths and severe consequences. The article reflects the current literature data on the clinical features of toxoplasmosis in relation to the genotype of Toxoplasmа, circulating in the world. Particular importance is given to the selection of methods for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The data of the latest review (2017) of theAmericanAcademy of Pediatrics on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis are presented. The main clinical manifestations of toxoplasmosis were revealed. Basic preparations for treatment of toxoplasmosis is Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (Biseptol) and spiramycin (Rovamycin).

Various disturbances in the interferon system (IFN) — interferonopathy are considered. The classification of developed by the author is given. The clinical features of Type I interferonopathy associated with the overexpression of type I interferons in the rare Mendelian genetic diseases, some autoimmune diseases, the immune dysregulation syndrome, are characterized. The developed methods of targeted therapy of type I interferonopathies aimed at blocking overexpression of type I interferons as hyperproduction IFNa are described. Interferonopathies most often occur as IFN deficiency: congenital or acquired IFNa/b and IFNg deficiencies in children and adults who are associated with atypical viral or mycobacterial infections. Patients with congenital IFNa deficiency are shown to have replacement interferon therapy. With the acquired deficiency of IFNa, differentiated interferon-corrective therapy is performed. For replacement and interferon-corrective therapy, it is used with good clinical efficacy, safe, no side effects, recombinant human IFNa2b in combination with antioxidants — VIFERONR.

In order to develop health-improving interventions for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), a comprehensive socio-hygienic study of various groups of adolescents and young people was conducted. The questionnaires were analyzed on the following main parameters: social and personal characteristics, level of awareness about sexual relations and about STIs. In the study, two groups were identified: 1 group (main) - adolescents with STIs, 2 group (comparisons) - healthy adolescents. The first information on the existence of sexual relations, 48.7% of adolescents from the main group received from older friends and peers. Among the adolescents in the comparison group, 14% had sexual contact. Those who love their family and want their future family to be similar to their parents were significantly more (9 times) in the comparison group than in the main group (20.0% vs. 2.2%, p <0.0001). Information on STIs, transmission routes, complications, prevention is available in 39.7% of STIs patients, and only 18.7% in the comparison group. The objective reasons for the formation of a low moral and cultural level are identified: education in incomplete and unfavorable families, lack of study and work, low level of awareness of STIs and questionable sources of knowledge on this issue.

Work is dedicated to estimation quality of life of adolescents with different types of tuberculosis. Quality of life of 60 adolescents in age 13—17 years was evaluated with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory — PedsQL questionnaire. Parents were evaluated separately. Was estimated an initial level of a quality of life before the beginning of hospital treatment. Adolescents have pessimistic and emotional limited subjective estimations of clinical condition and its influences upon all types of vital activity. The indicators quality of life on different scale of the function, exposed parent, were above, than exposed adolescents themselves. The revealed regularities prove to need of performing medical and improving measures, medical-social, clinical-rehabilitation actions and psychosocial correction with considering age features of adolescents, their subjective state and functioning in conditions of a hospital.

Rotavirus infection is manifested, in some cases, not only by damage to the gastrointestinal tract, but also by the involvement of other organs and systems in the pathological process. A clinical case of rotavirus meningitis in a four-year-old girl was confirmed, which was confirmed by the detection of RNA virus by PCR in сerebrospinal fluid, while the virus was detected in the faeces by ELISA.

The article describes the clinical case of infantile myofibromatosis of a newborn child. Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare mesenchymal tumor of the soft tissues of the head, limbs, trunk in children with infiltrative local growth, without metastases. During the examination the patient was diagnosed multiple myofibroms, which had a tendency to increase in the combination of active herpes infection. In this case, does not exclude the impact of mixed herpetic infection on the growth of myofibroms as on the background of antiviral treatment showed positive dynamics with a decrease in the number and size of tumors.