Vulvovaginitis in сhildhood: differential diagnosis for pediatricians and pediatric gynecologists

Vulvovaginitis is the most common gynecological pathology in prepubertal girls, characterized by a high incidence rate (up to 93%) and a tendency to recur (up to 60%). The multifactorial nature of the disease and the non-specific clinical presentation create significant challenges for differential diagnosis. Objective: To systematize modern algorithms for the differential diagnosis of vulvovaginitis in girls to optimize the work of pediatricians and pediatric gynecologists at the outpatient stage. Materials and Methods: A review of current domestic and foreign literature sources, clinical guidelines, and protocols for the management of vulvovaginitis in childhood was conducted. Results: The article details the pathophysiological basis of vulvovaginitis, which are determined by the anatomical and physiological characteristics of girls. A classification of etiological factors is presented, distinguishing between non-specific (70—80% of cases) and specific causes. For the main disease entities, pathognomonic clinical features and recommended diagnostic methods are summarized in a comparative table. Conclusion: Effective diagnosis of vulvovaginitis in children requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. Strict adherence to a structured diagnostic algorithm makes it possible to identify the cause of inflammation, prescribe adequate therapy, and avoid diagnostic errors.

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