Data on etiology, epidemiology, clinical course and consequences of bacterial purulent meningitis in children of the city of Moscow are presented. The analysis of the dynamics of morbidity for the last 5 years is presented depending on etiology. In Moscow in recent years, there has been a change in serovars of meningococcus with an increase in W135, an increase in the proportion of pneumococcus and a decrease in the proportion of haemophilic type b. The modern aspects of the clinic, diagnosis, therapy and prevention of meningitis in children are considered.

We observed 209 children the first year of life, admitted to inpatient treatment with a diagnosis of whooping cough (pertussis). In 41 patients there was the need for mechanical ventilation in treatment. Presents a number of ventilator parameters and sequence of their use in whooping cough in the event of prolonged apnea. The need for vaccinoprophylaxis of pertussis is grounded.

In recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to studying the level of cytokines in various infectious pathologies, since this scientific direction is rightly promising and justified. The article presents literature data on the significance of the cytokine link in the immune response and the results of our own observations of 108 patients aged 3 to 17 years with enteroviral meningitis. In addition to the standard diagnostic plan, all patients underwent immunological examination of blood serum in the acute phase of the disease in order to assess the level of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4, IL-8). The analysis of the obtained data made it possible to establish correlations of different levels between the values of cytokines and other parameters.

The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the parietal microbiota of the intestine in children with a verified syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine. Clinical and laboratory examination of 25 children at risk of intrauterine infection at the age of 8 months — 4 years with a verified syndrome of excess bacterial growth in the small intestine was performed based on the results of the hydrogen breath test. Investigation of the species and quantitative composition of the parietal intestinal microbiota was carried out with the help of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method with determination of the concentration of microbial markers by drop of blood (laboratory of bifidobacteria of the Federal Budgetary Institute of Science Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology name after G.N. Gabrichevsky). It was revealed that all of them recorded a high concentration of microbial markers of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria of the colon and viruses of the Herpes family due to a deficit of representatives of priority genera (Propionibacterium Freunderherii 5-fold, Eubacterium spp. 4.8-fold, Bifidobacterium spp. 4-fold, Lactobacillus spp. 1.5-fold) with an excess of endotoxin (by 1.5—2-fold) and a decrease in plasmalogen (by 2-fold). These data testify to the inflammatory process of the small intestinal mucosa, which aggravates the disturbances in its functioning and confirm the informative nature of the gas chromatography and spectrometry method.

Objective: to study the features of elemental composition in schoolchildren with ascariasis and to compare the revealed features with clinical manifestations of invasion.

Materials and methods: 43 children (7 — 18 years) with ascariasis (diagnostics was carried out by the method of thick smear according to Kato two times with an interval of 3 days and the method of flotation according to Kalantaryan): I subgroup — children of primary school age — 15 people, II subgroup — children of senior school age — 28 people. The control group was 32 relatively healthy schoolchildren. It was determined of 19 chemical elements (Ca, Zn, K, I, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn, Cr, S, Br, Cl, Co, Ni, Mo, Sr, Ba, Pb, Cd) in children's hair was determined.

Results: Low content of Zn, Cu, I, Se, Fe and Se, Br, Co, Ni, as well as increase of toxic Pb and Cd in the hair of junior schoolchildren with ascariasis is established. The invaders of high school students have a significantly lowered level of Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe and Br, Ni, Mo, as well as an elevated level of Ba, Pb, Cd.

Conclusions: Imbalance of micro- and macroelements in the intestinal stage of ascariasis in children is an important pathogenetic link in the formation of the main clinical syndromes in children. Replenishment of microelement imbalance at the stage of treatment and rehabilitation of children with ascariasis is pathogenetically grounded and promotes the speedy restoration of all disturbed functions of the macroorganism. 

The article presents a review of the literature about the etiological structure of respiratory infections in the modern period, the role of viruses agrippinae etiology in the formation of severe diseases of the respiratory system and their stability in the environment. The purpose of the study was to explore the meaning and possibilities of improving the efficiency of sanitary and anti-epidemic measures in periods of rapid rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections. It is established that at different times of the year in the formation of a rapid rise in the incidence leading role is played by rhinoviruses, RS virus and influenza virus. Epidemiological significance of rhinoviruses is their massive selection and stability in the external environment, much higher than the resistance of influenza viruses. The necessity of strengthening the disinfection measures in the autumn a rise in morbidity The necessity of strengthening the disinfection measures in the autumn a rise in incidence.

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of generalized cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) in infants with a combination of ganciclovir and VIFERON®.

Materials and methods. 52 children of the first months of life were treated with generalized CMV. Patients are divided into 3 groups: the first included 25 children who received ganciclovir for 14—21 days, then — IFN-α-2b in combination with antioxidants vitamins E and C (VIFERON®); The second group consisted of 17 patients receiving only ganciclovir; in the third group included 10 children who had only symptomatic treatment of CMVI: hepatoprotectors, broad-spectrum antibiotics (ceftriaxone, ampicillins) at age dosages. Therapy was carried out under the control of viral load in the blood serum on the 14th and 21st day from the start of treatment. Patients of the 1st group with a decrease in the clinical manifestations of CMV and a decrease in the viral load to 104—103 copies/ml on the 14—21 day were prescribed rectal suppositories of IFN-α-2b (VIFERON®) 150 000 IU according to the original scheme.

Results. In the 1st group, all children during 3—6 months had an elimination of the virus from the blood and liquor. Relapse of CMV was not observed. Children of the second group had a decrease in the viral load was observed, but the elimination of the virus from the blood, the cerebrospinal fluid did not occur. Patients of the 3rd group had the viral load remained at the same level, it increased by 102 copies/ml at one patient.

The conclusion. Using of combined antiviral therapy with ganciclovir and IFN-α-2b in combination with antioxidants vitamins E and C (VIFERON®) promotes elimination of the virus from blood and liquor, transferring and keeping it in an inactive state, which prevents the development of complications. The proposed method for treatment of CMV can be successfully used in inpatient and outpatient settings.

The article presents a comprehensive assessment of the health status of children in the first half of life, depending on the method of preventing recurrences of herpetic infection in women at pregravid and antenatal stages. The work used molecular-biological, immuno-enzymatic, biochemical, instrumental methods. The relationship between the frequency of recurrence of herpetic infection during pregnancy, complications of gestation and somatic pathology in children of the first half of life was noted. The results of the study confirm the beneficial effect of pre-gestational and antenatal immunocorrective and antiviral preventive therapy of relapses of the disease on the condition of the placenta complex, the course of pregnancy, mechanisms of fetoprotection for intrauterine infection with herpes simplex virus.

The purpose of the study. Analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the course of enterobiasis in children of school age in the Astrakhan region.

Materials and methods. There were 164 children aged 9 months to 17 years, 49.4 ± 3.9% of them were children aged 7 to 17 years.

The results of the study. Basically, enterobiosis was detected in children when they underwent scheduled medical examinations — 54.3 ± 5.5% (44 children). In single cases, enterobiosis was diagnosed in two children — contact by enterobiasis — 2.5 ± 1.7%. Another part of the children appealed directly to the infectious disease doctor with complaints — 43.2 ± 5.5% (35 people). So, the main complaints for all children who applied for medical help were pruritus itching, which occurs in the evening or at night — 43.2 ± 5.5% of all surveyed children (35 people). Also, a part of children reported sleep disturbances (restless sleep) — 22.2 ± ± 4.6% (18 children) and nausea — 12.3 ± 3.6% (10 children). Children who had enterobiasis detected during medical examinations and contact with a family member of children — there were no clinical complaints of the disease — 56.8 ± 5.5% (46 children). Clinical diagnosis of Enterobiosis was exposed to all children after conducting a laboratory study — scrapings from perianal folds in the morning hours after waking from sleep. After the diagnosis, all the children with invasive pinworms were prescribed a course of chemotherapy with various antiparasitic drugs: Albendazole, Pirantel and Mebendazole (Vermox). After taking medication, 95.1 ± 2.4% (77 children) experienced a full recovery, 3.7 ± 2.1% (3 children) — improvement was noted and only 1.2 ± 1.2% (1 child) — changes in the state were not observed.

Conclusions. The presence of bad habits such as onychophagia and non-compliance with personal hygiene rules have been the main cause of children's disease with enterobiasis. The most frequent clinical symptoms in enterobiosis in the examined group of children were pruritus in the area of perianal folds, which occurs in the evening and at night, as well as restless sleep. 

The aim of the study was to study the course of epidemic parotitis in patients with a sharp increase in the incidence rate in Dagestan in 2017, and to analyze the coverage of vaccination against this infection.

In the Republic of Dagestan, from January to December 2017, there was an increase in the incidence of mumps infection — 2,632 cases, in 2016 —148, in 2015 — 1 case. It turned out that 1492 (56.6%) of 2,632 patients with epidemic parotitis in 2017 were not vaccinated.

Clinical and laboratory monitoring of 449 patients with epidemic parotitis hospitalized in the Republican Center for Infectious Diseases was carried out. The greatest number of cases was between the ages of 12 and 35 years. The clinical picture of parotitis infection in adults did not differ from that of children. First parotid glands are affected, then the lesions of other glandular organs are joined — pancreatitis (51.2%), orchitis (32%) and CNS — meningitis (16%). Outcomes of the disease were favorable. 

The article presents the results of studying the etiological structure and clinical features of acute intestinal infections (AII) in young children in Baku, Azerbaijan. In most cases, the disease has a viral etiology and proceeds in the form of gastroenteritis. At the same time in the age groups 6—12 months and 1—3 years of life, viral intestinal infections in 72.72% of cases have a mixed etiology (usually viral-viral), with a predominance of rotavirus infection. Taking into account the obtained results, it is necessary for all children of early age with AII, in addition to routine diagnostics, to conduct research using modern methods for virus verification (Latex-test, PCR).

There has been presented the patients clinical case with invasive diarrhea syndrome, caused by traumatic injuries of the rectums lining, first considered as acute intestinal infection.

Adie syndrome is a rare complication of chickenpox, which is seen in female mainly up to 6 years of age, one week after vesicular rash appearance.

Aim: to introduce a case report of Adie syndrome as a complication of chickenpox.

Material and methods: a case report of 8 years old female is introduced, who was hospitalized in Infectious Diseases Department — Varna, because of chickenpox. Anisocoria was diagnosed while the disease. We used epidemiologic and documental methods. Analyzes was made in the relevant departments of the St. Marina Hospital. The international literature data associated with the problem was studied.

Results: we describe a patient with chickenpox. On the 9th day of the disease, Adie syndrome was diagnosed on the base of next symptoms: left mydriasis, accommodation paralysis, absent light reaction.

Conclusion: Adie syndrome is a rare complication of chickenpox, with self-limitation tendency in the period of a year, but when early diagnosis is made together with specific treatment, normalization of eye functions occurs earlier.