In May 2018, the regular annual XI All-Russian Conference «Infectious Aspects of Somatic Pathology in children» was held in Moscow, at which leading experts presented the results of research on this problem. Most of the reports were devoted to the topic of the child's microbiota and its influence on the occurrence and development of infectious and somatic diseases. Changes in the microbial flora are important in the pathogenesis of many diseases.

Decrease in a-interferon (IFN-a) levels by 6.8% (p > 0.05) compared to the control group, IFN-g by 37.7% (p < 0.05), relative quantity of CD8 + lymphocytes — by 12.26% (p < 0.001) and an increase in the relative amount of CD4 + lymphocytes by 3.9% and CD95 + lymphocytes by 49.73% (p < 0.01), IgE levels 4.1 — fold (p < 0.001) and IL-4 — on 30% it was revealed in 36 children with bronchial asthma, who came to sanatorium-and-spa treatment. An increase in IFN-a levels by 74.7% (p < 0.01) compared with baseline, IFN-g 2.1 — fold (p < 0.001), relative CD8 + lymphocyte count — by 12.26% (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in the relative amount of CD4 + lymphocytes — by 4.8% (p < 0.05) and CD95 + lymphocytes — by 23.84% (p < 0.01), IgE levels by 28.1% (p < 0.01) and IL-4 — 2.3 times observed after the using a drug containing a2b-interferon and antioxidants vitamins E and C — VIFERON® in the process of balneological treatment.

Under the supervision there were 301 children hospitalized in an infectious hospital with a diagnosis of rotavirus infection. All children were examined for the presence of human herpes virus DNA 4, 5 and type 6 (EBV, CMV, HHV6) in the blood. The majority of hospitalized children with rotavirus infection were under 3 years of age (85.7%). Revealed a high percentage of children of different ages with herpes viral infections in the active phase. In the case of monoinfection, the most frequent active infection was caused by HHV6 type (45.5%). In the case of an associated infectious process, the predominant viruses were EBV and HHV6 (29.3%). Children with active herpes virus who had a rotavirus infection need follow-up monitoring.

Under observation were 122 young children (up to 3 years of age), who were identified markers of active forms of herpes virus infections. Markers were studied by PCR in blood, smear from tonsils, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, urine with determination DNA of HSV 1—2 type, EBV, CMV, HHV-6 type, antigens were determined by indirect immunofluorescence in blood lymphocytes, by ELISA in serum — antibodies of the classes IgM and IgG. Herpesvirus infection occurs at an early age and contributes to the formation of various infectious and somatic pathology. In children from birth to 1 year of life, CMV infection in the form of a mono-infection with symptoms of CNS damage, generalized forms, neutropenia is more common (79% of cases). In children aged 1 to 2 years, in 76% of cases, HHV-6 infection is detected, more often in mixed variants. Patients of this group are observed with a long subfebrile condition, neutropenia, infectious mononucleosis. In the third year of life, there is an increase in infection of children with EBV, with approximately the same frequency of EBV and HHV-6, most often in mixed forms, the clinical manifestations of which is a typical symptom complex of infectious mononucleosis. At this age, the active persistence of herpes viruses contributes to the formation of a group of frequently ill children. Thus, when examining young children with various pathologies, it is necessary to diagnose herpes virus infection using modern methods to detect its active forms for the timely administration of etiotropic therapy.

The structure of liver cirrhosis (LC) in children of Uzbekistan was studied. 135 children with viral etiology of liver cirrhosis at the age of 7—15 years of life were examined. It was established that in the structure of viral liver cirrhosis in children, mixed etiology prevails (77.1%) with a predominance of HDV infection (B + C + D — 35.6% and B + D — 23.7%). Mixed infection is considered as a predictor of disease progression, especially in cases of overlap of HDV infection, which was also expressed by the frequent identification of the decompensated stage of the liver cirrhosis C-class of Child-Pugh and complications. Levels of N-terminal propeptides and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen in children with liver cirrhosis can serve as markers of compensation and progression of the disease.

The article is devoted to questions of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in Uzbekistan. Since November 2015, the vaccination against pneumococcal infection with conjugated pneumococcal vaccines of children 1 year of age at the age of 2, 3, 12 months was introduced to the National Schedule of Immunization program of Uzbekistan. The article presents preliminary results of vaccination effectiveness to reduce hospitalizations of patients with pneumococcal diseases.

The aim of the work is to study the indicators of local and systemic immunity in frequently ill children with community-acquired therapy to improve the methods of therapy. 55 children with community-acquired pneumonia and recurrent respiratory diseases (8 or more per year) aged from 3 to 7 years were examined. In the main group (n = 30), on the background of standard therapy, the children received the immunomodulator azoximerе bromide. In the comparison group (n = 25), the children received conventional therapy. Assessment of the state of systemic and mucosal immunity was carried out in dynamics before treatment and after therapy. It was shown that the inclusion of azoxymere bromide leads to an optimal correction of cellular immunity, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, as well as systemic and local cytokine profile. Clinical efficacy is manifested by a reduction in the duration of the febrile period, more rapid relief of intoxication syndromes, respiratory and local pulmonary changes.

The analysis of the scientific literature and the results of clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of using for respiratory infections components of plant origin and bee products included in the composition of biologically active food supplements — «Propolis with Herbs» marmalade, throat lollipop with honey and Althaea night syrup with honey-line INVAR KIDS. It has been shown that the use of herbal remedies that contain components with established clinical safety and proven efficacy as a symptomatic therapy is reasonable for alleviating the main symptoms of respiratory diseases in children.

The article contains a literature review devoted to the history of the study of human leishmaniasis and one of the new pathogens — Leishmania martiniquensis. It is shown that leishmaniasis caused by this microorganism proceeds in the form of cutaneous, including diffuse in HIV-infected patients, and visceral leishmaniasis. The most typical clinical examples are given.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in children of the Astrakhan region for the period from 2013 to 2017. The incidence of tuberculosis of children in the region exceeds the average Russian Federation 2.9, the southern Federal district in 3.2 time. In the structure of morbidity of children is dominated by tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (75.6%). The increase of tuberculosis morbidity of children population of the region could also be: the increasing incidence and delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults introduction in practice of modern methods of diagnostics (computer tomography, PCR, Diaskintest) allowing to identify the disease in a larger number of patients, lack of alertness of doctors of general medical network on early diagnosis of tuberculosis.

The purpose was to study the structure and frequency of organic and functional pathology, as well as the characteristic features of the lifestyle in children with giardiasis. Under supervision were 132 children aged 3—18 years with giardiasis. Of these, 68 had an acute course of lambliosis, and 64 had a chronic course. The diagnosis was confirmed by coprological and serological methods. The comparison group was consisted of 113 children without giardiasis of the same age and sex. It was made the collection of complaints, anamnesis, the study of medical documentation. Results. Distinctive features of the lifestyle of children with giardiasis were: adverse sanitary and hygienic living conditions, the habit of nibbling nails, drinking unboiled water. Analysis of the frequency of organic and functional pathology showed that in children of the main group, disorders of the autonomic nervous system, diseases of the digestive organs, pathology of the respiratory system, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders were more often recorded. 47.7% of children belonged to the category of «frequently ill children», the majority was in patients with chronic lambliosis. In the invasive group, the third group of health prevailed, which was significantly more often detected in patients with chronic parasitosis. Conclusions: the obtained data indicate the need for comprehensive rehabilitation measures and correction of sanitary and hygienic living conditions in children with giardiasis invasion.

The purpose of this study was to study the state of the intestinal microflora in young children who received inpatient treatment for acute intestinal infections. A study of the microflora in 183 children aged 0 months. up to 3 years of life. At the same time, 43 (23.5%) children received breast milk, 53 (29.0%) were artificially fed and 87 (47.5%) mixed-fed children. All children were examined by bacteriological method. Conditionally pathogenic flora among hospitalized patients was detected in 114 (62.3%), Candida was mainly detected in 67.5% of cases, in 57 patients (50.0%) in association with other opportunistic microorganisms — Candida + St. aureus — in 32 (28.1%), Candida + P. vulgaris — in 9 (7.9%), Candida + + P. vulgaris + St. aureus — in 12 (10.5%), Candida + St. aureus + Ps. aeroginosa — in 4 (3.5%). As a result of studying the composition of the intestinal microflora in patients hospitalized with intestinal infection, a decrease in the number of E. coli and B. bifidum was found, 43.7% and 63.4%, respectively.

The infant roseola, viral pemphigus, papular-hemorrhagic rash as a form of gloves and socks syndrome, and one-sided laterothoracic exanthema can be referred to the rare types of infectious rash in the pediatrician’s practice. These diseases, despite certain signs peculiar to everyone, are often not diagnosed during the initial admission to a pediatrician. The study describes the characteristics of each type of rash, the course of the disease, and discusses possible errors in the primary diagnosis of rare infectious rashes.

A case of Tick-borne spotted fever in a child after a visit to an endemic region, the Republic of Crimea, is described. The disease caused difficulty in terms of clinical diagnosis, which led to the delayed prescription of specific therapy with doxycycline. The diagnosis of Тick-borne spotted fever was made on the basis of detecting R. conorii DNA in a washout with primary affect. In the course of the disease, IgM class antibodies were detected during serological analysis of paired serum.