The article presents the results of many years of work of the Department of Neuroinfections and Organic Pathology of Nervous System on diagnostics and treatment of children with infectious diseases affecting nervous system. Epidemiological and clinical features of bacterial purulent meningitis, meningococcal infection, serous meningitis, encephalitis, neuropathies, myelitis in children are described. Ethological agents of neuroinfections are presented. Specific features of tick-borne infections (tick-born borreliosis and tick-born encephalitis) in children are characterized. Authors reflected their experience in treatment of patients with neuroinfections. Importance of cytokine therapy and systematic enzyme therapy are stated. Features of electroneuromyogrphy and evoked potentials in diagnostic of neuroinfections are determined. Tactics of treatment of medical emergencies are presented. 

The article describes a research which comprised 220 people, including 110 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 110 control patients who were matched in pairs according to sex, age (± 5 years), ethnicity (all — Ossetians) and place of birth. The authors applied the most convenient and commonly used method of case-control study. The authors revealed a reliable link between multiple sclerosis and infectious mononucleosis or mononucleosis-like diseases, chronic tonsillitis and sinusitis that occurred between the ages of 7 and 15 years as well as varicella that occurred from 0 to 7 years. 

The authors studied the incidence of detection of human herpes virus type 6 (HHV 6) infection markers in 207 children aged from 1 year to 7 years (126 children with acute pyelonephritis and 81 child in the control group with no signs of urinary tract infection). It was found out that of all the children studied ≥ 89,2% of the patients with acute pyelonephritis and ≥ 65,3% of the children without urinary tract infection are infected with HHV 6. The characteristic of HHV — 6 infection in children with acute pyelonephritis is the presence of active viral replication with the presence of HHV 6 DNA in the blood. This fact indicates the risk of repeated episodes of the disease and is the condition for administration of antiviral and / or immunotropic therapy. The authors proved low predictive value of HHV 6 DNA detection in urine of children with acute pyelonephritis. 

The article presents the results of examination of 1849 children, entering children's infectioushospitalofVladivostokwith the clinical picture of croup of viral etiology. The clinical features of primary and recurrent croup are described. Frequency of recurrent croup inVladivostokis 8%. Children with a recurrent croup had the burdened premorbid background, and also persistent herpetic infections (cytomegalic infection in 42,9% cases, cytomegalic infection in combination with the herpes simplex virus -1). Frequency of croups substantially rose in the period of epidemic of influenza.

The article presents the results of study of clinical and immunological effectiveness of the application of the vaccine «Pneumo-23» for children of 3—7 years old, suffering from chronic nasopharyngeal ring diseases of pneumococcal etiology. The authors revealed reduction of the frequency of cases of the main disease exacerbation and cases of ARI adjoining. Reduction of the main clinical symptoms of chronic adenoiditis and chronic tonsillitis was registered. Number of specific IgMand IgGAT to PS of the vaccine doubled reliably.

Preclinical and clinical studies of medical preparations (rengalin, ergoferon) containing release-active (P-A) antibodies to histamine confirmed their ability to provide anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect. The mechanism of action of release-active antibodies to histamine is based upon their influence on histamine-dependent activation of histamine receptors. It is shown that P-A antibodies to histamine can effectively eliminate associated allergic infections and inflammatory reactions. 

The experience of Ribomunyl application in domestic pediatrics has shown its high preventive efficacy at respiratory infections, especially in sickly children with various somatic pathologies even in postvaccinal period. Peroral administration of Ribomunyl, its low toxicity, capability for creating cross-immunity to various serotypes of the pathogen, makes it indispensable in pediatric practice.

Comprehensive examination of 62 adolescents, hospitalized for pulmonary tuberculosis, established high spread of clinical and laboratory markers of secondary immune deficiency: chronic diseases of ear, throat and nose (59,6%), recurrent infection caused by the herpes simplex viruses (SPGV) (55,8%) ; serological SPGV activation (90,4%) and cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) (94,2%); absolute lymphopenia (53,8%), low level and lack of interferon-alpha (28,9%) and interferongamma (76,9%). Validity, effectiveness and safety of modern technology immunization with interferon -α-2b (VIFERON® 3 million IU and 1 million IU suppositories) in 1 month course in the complex treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis was proved with a random research by a «case-control» method. Significant positive clinical and laboratory dynamics was registered: increase in body weight in 84,6 % of adolescents; reduction in the frequency of arrhythmias; increase absolute lymphocyte count (46,1%), decrease in serological SPGV activation (30,8%) and CMV infection (61,5%) increase in the amount of interferon-alpha (61,5%), and interferon-gamma (61,5%) and absence of intolerance and 3 times less undesirable effects of chemotherapy.

The article describes immunoassay methods of determining the functional activity of the components C3 and C9 and C1 inhibitor for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in the treatment of patients. The activity of these components, as well as the activity and the amount of C1 inhibitor in the blood serum of children aged 6 months to 18 years suffering from atopic dermatitis have been analyzed before and after treatment to determine the involvement of the complement system in the pathogenesis of this disease. The developed methods of enzyme immunoassay for determination of the functional components of the complement system have shown high sensitivity and reliability. The activity of C9 component involved in the membrane attack of the complement was significantly below normal in children with atopic dermatitis. That indicates the involvement of membrane attack complex components in the skin necrotic processes. Component C3 activity is also reduced. C3 is the key component of the activation cascade involved in the inflammatory processes. Specific activity of C1 inhibitor increased before and during the treatment, indicating an increased biosynthesis of this acute phase protein. Positive tendency towards the normalization of the status of complement after treatment has been observed. Data obtained in this study indicate the involvement of complement system in the pathological process of atopic dermatitis in children.

143 children and 376 of their family members were examined for the study of intrafamilial infection. The study revealed that in the families of the studied sickly children (SC) 100% of mothers, 83,3% of fathers, 100% of siblings and 100% of nannies were infected. Herpes viruses: EBV (55,8%), CMV (50,8%), HHV VI (21,7%) in combination with intracellular pathogens (Chlamydia and Mycoplasma) were prevalent in the sickly children. Examination of the family members revealed presence of the same pathogens. Control group differed significantly and reliably from the group of sickly children. There were not many infected children, no acute forms of diseases; monoinfection predominated. 

The article gives data about the epidemiology, possible etiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of a rare infectious exanthematic disease of unknown etiology — asymmetric periflexural exanthem. Observation of the disease in a child of 22 months was presented. The peculiarity of this clinical observation is the spread the 59 Д. Ю. Овсянников, Е. А. Дегтярева. Асимметричная перифлексуральная (односторонняя латероторакальная) экзантема C M Y K 59 59 59 59 rash to the trunk and the contralateral side, and relapsing course of the disease.

The article presents features of clinical course and composition of cerebrospinal liquid in cases of purulent and serous meningitis depending on the age of the patients and the disease etiology. 40 children with bacterial purulent meningitis of meningococcal, hemophilic and unknown aetiology and 40 children with serous meningitis predominantly of enteroviral etiology were examined. The differences in duration and intensity of clinical symptoms, total protein concentration, and liquor cytosis were detected. The highest liquor indicators were revealed in the case of hemophilic meningitis in children of early age and in the case of meningococcal meningitis in children over seven years old. This fact can be explained by various pathogenic features of the causative agent and different compensatory reactions in children of different age. 

The development of the modern education system presupposes training with a high level of independence and the leading role of the student’s personality. Vocational education institutions should provide a wide range of educational services that are adequate to demands of the labor market. Methods and forms of education must be variable. Modern educational technology should be used of the as one of the most convenient ways of training.

The article presents a case of own observation of a child in the first year of life with co-infection of hepatitis viruses B and D. The child was born to a mother with chronic hepatitis B and D. The co-infection was typical and mild. The treatment was carried out with interferon-α2b — viferon (rectal suppositories) in a daily dose of 1 mio IU during 6 months. The outcome of the disease was recovery with elimination of the pathogen.