The paper describes the research on metabolic activity of intestinal microflora and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in coprofiltrate of rotavirus infection patients depending on disease course. It is established that a long-lasting clinical oppression of metabolic processes of microbiocenosis and local immunity deficiency define a rough course of rotavirus infection. 

The clinical and pathogenetic significance of determining HCV core-antigen (HCV core-Ag) in serum of children with hepatitis C was investigated firstly. A direct correlation between the concentration of HCV core-Ag and viral load (VL) was revealed (r = 0,91). Children with high core-Ag (above 2500 fmol/L) showed indirect evidence for the immunosuppressive action of HCV core-Ag and occurrence of liver fibrosis more frequent (p < 0,05). In this grouP of children the prevalence of HCV subtype 3a was revealed (p < 0,05). 

Aim: to estimate prevalence of markers, genetic diversity, risk factors of HBV and HDV infections in all age groups among healthy population in Republic Tyva. Serum samples obtained from healthy population in Republic Tyva (N = 1086) were tested (aged from birth to older 60 years). The markers of HBV and HDV infections were determined by enzyme immunoassay and PCR. HBsAg was detected in 7,7% (84/1086), anti-HBc — in 47,8% (519/1086) and HBeAg — in 0,3% (3/1086) cases. Prevalence of HBsAg in children under 9 years was 1,3%, no positive results of anti-HDV were determined among children aged up to 9 year. Prevalence of anti-HDV among HBsAg-positive individuals of healthy population was 32,1% (27/84). HBV DNA was detected in 2,9% (31/1086) cases; HDV RNA — in 32,1% (14/84) HBsAg-positive individuals. The obtained data showed high prevalence of HBV ang HDV infections among healthy population of Republic Tyva. Thus, it is necessary to extend screening program in this region to improve viral hepatitis surveillance and diagnostics. The sharp decline in the prevalence of these infections in children up to 9 years in the surveyed endemic region is an evidence of effective protection against HBV and HDV with vaccination against hepatitis B. 

The results of studies of changes in motor function of the biliary system in convalescent children after hepatitis A virus (rHAV) and B (rHBV ) characterized by disorders of the biliary system are presented in the article. Children who have suffered HAV and HBV display a variety of pathologic and pathophysiologic changes conditioned by various hepatitis viruses. The combination of diet therapy, drug-free (physiotherapy) and medication (Phosphogliv) interventions contributes to the overall normalization of the function of the biliary tract in all children who have suffered HAV. The same is true about the majority of convalescent children after HBV. This allows the authors to recommend the complex of interventions as the optimal approach to the rehabilitation of children who have suffered viral hepatitis. 

The article presents the results of study of nitric oxide activity of neutrophil leucocytic and freeradical processes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of the children with bacterial and viral meningitison the acute period diseases. The peculiarities or activity of freeradical processes and nitric oxide of cerebrospinal fluid with bacterial meningitis in acute period diseases and activities of studies of ferments with the health children. 

Literature review describes the problem of bronchiolitis obliterans in children. The review analyzes modern date on etiology, morphological sings, clinical course, treatment and prognosis of diseas. The modern capabilities of diagnosis based on chest X-ray, computed tomography and pulmonary function testing are discussed. 

In the review the current information on the mechanisms of interaction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the human immune system. Shown immunosupressive potential EBV features of the immune status of children with infectious mononucleosis. Discussed options for chronic course of EBV infection, the relationship with lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases. 

A practice of an early reduced-antigenic-load BCG-M vaccination of HIV-exposed infants inIrkutskdistrict, a district with the high HIV and tuberculosis (TB) prevalence, had been evaluated. It had been establish that the vaccination within the conventional time frame leads to the development of an anti-tuberculous immune response which, usually, is verified by the post-immunization reactions and the tuberculosis skin test results. A high safety of the reduced-antigenic-load BCG-M vaccination had been confirmed in cases with perinatally HIV-infected infants. The clinical development of the TB infection in non-vaccinated children, especially of the youngest age, had been characterized by a development of the hazardous complications which tend to be persistent. 

Studied the comparative efficacy of probiotics with different composition of strains in the complex treatment of acute intestinal infection in 89 children with functional disorders and chronic gastrointestinal tract. Conducted a dynamic study of the intestinal microflora bacteriological method and gas-liquid chromatography with the definition of short-chain fatty acid content of the level of carbohydrates in the feces and stool data. Set different dates for stopping diarrhea and features state of the intestinal ecosystem indicators after treatment in patients receiving comprehensive probiotic containing bifidobacteria and enterococcus, or probiotic containing lactobacillus. 

The article describes the results of clinical diagnostic methods for risk assessment childbirth with intrauterine infection, data from clinical trials with a high level of evidence efficacy VIFERON® in adjuvant therapy in preterm infants with severe intrauterine viral infections. 

Convulsive disorder frequently poses a great danger. The authors distinguish three groups of children who most often have convulsions. Those are «febrile» convulsions, convulsions that accomapny neuroinfections and epilepsy. Male gender and age under 1 year are early predictors of «Febrile» convulsions. Convulsions accompanying neuroinfections and epilepsy manifest later. In 64,6 % of the children the main role belongs to herpesviruses, especially from the group of CMV and G6 type. When a child with convulsions is accepted to in-patient hospital, a complex comprehensive examination (ELISA and PCR ) must be carried out to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. 

We examined 69 infants with clinically manifested forms of congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosed in theStavropolregion in the period from 1992 to 2012. The clinical course was characterized by a predominance of severe forms of congenial toxoplasmosis, high mortality rate (39,1%), predominant damage the central nervous system (100%) and adverse neurological outcome. Surviving children developed disabilities at the outcome of congenital toxoplasmosis such as hydrocephaly (71,4%), microcephaly (9,5%), cerebral palsy (52,4%), episindroma (16,7%), mental retardation (19,0 %) complete or partial blindness (28,6%). 

The article presents problems of optimization of diagnostics and treatment of arboviral meningitis in children. The suggestions are based on authors’ observation of 300 patients who were diagnosed with this disease and were treated in the regional infectious clinical hospital named after A.M. Nichoga,Astrakhan, in the period from 1999 till 2010.

There was performed a comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory indicators of intoxication syndrome in 70 children aged from 1 month to 16 years with acute respiratory viral infection (АRVI) of different etiology. To make an objective appraisal of the intoxication syndrome intensity the spectral characteristics of low and median molecular weight substances (LMMWS) in plasma and red blood cells with the calculation of their balance was studied, the level of exogenous pathogens was defined. The intensity of clinical symptoms was evaluated in points (from 0 to 3). It was established that total clinical manifestation of intoxication syndrome was from 3,4 ± 0,6 points in the case of respiratory syncytial viral infection to 6,2 ± 0,8 points in the case of influenza depending on the etiology. The increased level of LMMWS in red blood cells and exogenous pathogens was noticed to compare with the control values in all the groups regardless of the etiology. In the case of influenza the increase of LMMWS in plasma to 11,5 ± 0,5 c.u., and of the level of exogenous pathogens to 0,25 ± 0,04 c.u. was noted. The most expressed changes of indicators were revealed in the case of mixed viral infection when LMMWS in plasma was increased to 14,0 ± 1,6 c.u., LMMWS in red blood cells — to 27,0 ± 1,2 c.u., and exogenous pathogens amount — to 0,4 ± 0,09 c.u. A direct correlation of the average force between clinical and laboratory criteria of intoxication was revealed (r = 0,3; p < 0,05). 

The article presents the information of start Interdisciplinary program to identify risk factors for the most common infectious diseases in the population ofRussiathrough screening laboratory tests with a view to timely detection and prevention of infectious diseases in children inRussia. 

Nowadays, a rare case of brucellosis meningoencephalitis is presented. Indicated on the features of its clinical course, the various laboratory analyzes are adduced and the methods of rational therapy are discussed.