Vaccination is crucial in maintaining the health of the nation. Achieved outstanding successes in the fight against childhood infections. The article shows the prospects of using the method of vaccination including the treatment and prevention of dysbiotic disorders, for the treatment and prevention of immune disorders, the chronicity of the process, increase of immune response. Described tactic vaccination of various population groups. 

So far not defined the value of CMV persistence in frequently and chronically ill children, the impact of active CMV-infection on the severity of the condition and the incidence of viral-bacterial complications. 149 surveyed frequently and long ill children with lymphadenopathy (58), obstructive bronchitis (40), the defeat of the
ENT organs (18), meningoencephalitis (13), pleuropneumonia (12), thrombocytopenia (8), were in the offices MDKB. The age of the children ranged from 1 month. up to 14 years. Structural identification of CMV pp65 antigen is recommended in severe patients and in children with frequent and prolonged acute respiratory infections, complications of purulent-inflammatory diseases. To confirm active CMV replication method should be used in real time PCR in saliva and urine (positive at 48.6%).

A survey of 991 with community-acquired pneumonia. The disease is most proceeded in the average severity (97.2 %). In 99.4 % of cases diagnosed focal, polysegmental pneumonia in 0.6% of cases. According to the research results of bacteriological confirmation of the probable etiology of pneumonia acquired in 27.3%. Complicated pneumonia was observed in 0.7% of cases. Clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia did not differ significantly from those at the аssociation of bacterial pathogens with a variety of viruses, including influenza virus.

Release-active drug with a dual mechanism of action used for preimmunization against pneumococcal vaccination in children with chronic nasopharyngeal infection A prospective, randomized comparative study involving 994 children of 2 to 5 years of age was conducted (from December 2011 to April 2015) to assess the efficacy of Anaferon for Children for pre-immunization and an aid to pneumococcal vaccine treatment in children with chronic nasopharyngeal diseases. Patients in the test group (507 children) started to receive Anaferon for Children (AnC, release-active antiviral and immunomodulatory drug) 10 days prior to vaccination with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and continued the treatment for 40 days. 487 children were randomized into the comparator group receiving the PCV13 vaccine alone, without Anaferon for Children. The efficacy of Anaferon for Children was assessed by measuring the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and exacerbations of chronic ENT disease developed by study patients. In addition, total cell counts and subset ratios were obtained and activity of lysozyme and secretory immunoglobulin A was analyzed in nasal fluids. Between days 3 to 10 of study, ARI signs were reported in 58 children (11.9%) in the comparator group, thus making vaccination impossible in these subjects. In AnC group, no ARI cases were observed within the same period and all the children received the vaccine as scheduled. During the first month post vaccination, 15 cases of illness were recorded (4.9%) in the group of test treatment and 37 (7.6%) (p = 0.001) in the comparator group. The incidence rates of ARI recorded in study patients for a period of 12 months was 1686.4 per 1000 (855 infection episodes) in the test group vs. 2086.2 per 1000 (1016 ARI cases) in the comparator group (p = 0.02). Based on the data obtained over the follow-up period, patients in the test group demonstrated a 25% decrease in the incidence of ARI exacerbations
or exacerbations of chronic ENT pathology (e.g., acute otitis, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic maxillary sinusitis) as compared to the comparator group (p = 0.061); the percentage of children developing no respiratory infections was increased in this group by 3 times (p = 0.001) and the number of recurrent ARI episodes was reduced by 1.2 times (p = 0.001), including a decrease of 1.6 times in the number of children with two recurrent ARI episodes (p = 0.001). AnC was noted to have a beneficial effect on lysozyme activity, sIgA level and cell count distribution in nasal fluids (normalized more rapidly compared to the comparator group). The study showed good tolerability and safety of the combination of AnC and PCV13 vaccine for the children with chronic nasopharyngeal diseases and advisability of Anaferon for children application for preparation to immunization and vaccination against pneumococcal infection.

The article presents the results of studies of the effectiveness and safety of domestic antiviral drug Аrbidol in children. Arbidol demonstrated antiviral activity not only against influenza viruses, and other respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, rhinovirus), coronavirus, rotavirus, and others.

The purpose of research — improvement of treatment programs for chronic Epstein-Barr virus mono-infection and mixed with clamidiosis infection in frequently ill children with use of inosine pranobex (isoprinosine) and recombinant interferon-a2b (viferon). Clinical, serological and immunological examination of 116 patients aged from 3 to 6 years with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection in the form of mono-infection (48) and mixed with clamidiosis infection (68) is conducted. In the complex therapy of 24 children with mono-infection and 42 patients with mixed infection, inosine pranobex in combination with recombinant interferon-a2b were included. In 24 patients with mono-infection and 26 children with mixed infection, using only recombinant interferon-a2b. In patients with monoinfection, multiorgan pathology (respiratory, lymphoproliferative, cardial, cerebral, arthralgiс syndromes) was found. During serological examination found markers of active Epstein-Barr virus infection (IgM to VСA, IgG to EA, a high level of IgG to EBNA). Changes of the immune status was associated with activation of immune system (increase of CD8, HLA-DR, CD16, IgA, IgM, IgG, metabolic activity of neutrophils) and its damage (reduction of CD3, CD4, CD25, CD20, interferon-a, interleukin-4, reserve possibilities of neutrophils metabolism, increase of CD95, circulating immune complexes). Development of mixed infection led to a deepening of immunological disorders and increased frequency of respiratory, gastrointestinal and lymphoproliferative syndromes. When combined inosine pranobex and recombinant interferon-a2b was going to potentiation antiviral, of immunomodulatory and cytoprotective activity of drugs that reduced the incidence of acute respiratory infections and severity of multiorgan pathology. High efficiency and safety of inosine pranobex and recombinant interferon-a2b combination allow to recommend its inclusion in the complex therapy of patients from frequently ill children group with various forms of chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection.

The article presents information obtained from the analysis of the stories of 40 children up to 4 years old left without parental care and infected with hepatitis C through vertical transmission. Authors analyzed the results of integrated treatment of the disease with inclusion of combined antiviral immunomodulatory drug VIFERON®. The efficacy of VIFERON® in chronic viral hepatitis C in infants is confirmed.

The results of the study of peculiarities of varicella in 21 patients with hematologic malignancies (4) and respiratory tuberculosis (17), hospitalized in the Orenburg regional clinical infectious diseases hospital in 2015 to reflect the structure of underlying diseases, age composition, complications and an analysis of outbreaks of chickenpox in the Regional tuberculosis hospital and in the regional oncologic hospital. Chickenpox in a nosocomial infection in patients with immunodeficiency retains the typical clinical anifestations, most commonly affects children 2—5 years and has a high intensity distribution, worsening the course and the development of complications in children with systemic blood diseases; mainly in the moderate form and without complications in children with respiratory tuberculosis. Expediency of exposure seroprevention specific immunoglobulins in children with immunodeficiency diseases.

The analysis of the etiology of acute respiratory infections was carried out in 865 children hospitalized to a hospital infection in the ears 2009—2013. It was found that respiratory viruses dominated in the etiological structure of acute respiratory infections of children, with a leading position in the number of revised survey diagnoses in different years of observation occupied influenza, but in recent years there is a growth trend of respiratory syncytial virus infection. The most pronounced seasonality of hospitalized children to help in the verification of the diagnosis, there was just the influenza, and mycoplasma infection. Children of preschool and school age with influenza and micoplasma infections are hospitalized more often, while for respiratory diseases other etiology, especially with respiratory syncytial virus infection children up to 3 years are hospitalized.

Modern features of purulent meningoencephalitis is the frequent development of the disease at adverse premorbid background, the formation of a mixed infection, which leads to severe prolonged duration, the occurrence of complications. For example the medical history of two years old child with acute purulent meningoencephalitis mixed etiology (Str. Pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b), developed on the background of chronic herpes virus infection, rezudual-organic CNS pathology, submitted the algorithm of diagnostic and therapeutic measures in these cohort of patients.

The paper gives a brief literary reference relating to contemporary aspects of serological diagnosis of hepatitis C, and understands a clinical example of chronic hepatitis C in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with the absence of circulating antibodies to HCV classes M, and G for almost 2 years.

In the present article discusses the clinical case of unfavorable course of chronic hepatitis C with the outcome of cirrhosis and development of extrahepatic manifestations of a young man of 20 years as a result of infection in early childhood.

Hemophagocytic syndrome is one of the complications of herpes virus infections. Here, we describe the case of a 8—year-old male with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome. The disease was diagnosed in the early stages. The patient received treatment with dexamethasone, intravenous immunoglobulin, which has led to a weakening of the ignition and the suppression of the disease with rapid treatment.

The article presents the clinical picture, the course and outcome of encephalitis caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is shown that the inclusion in the complex therapy of abnormal nucleoside (Acyclovir and its derivatives), intravenous immunoglobulin, promotes the release of patients from critical conditions to reverse the development of the pathological process.