11—12 December 2015 XIV Congress of Russian Children’s Infectiologists «Current Issues of Infectious Diseases and Vaccination» came off in Moscow.

Based on statistical data, a comparative analysis of infectious morbidity and mortality in Moscow in 2015 and 2014 revealed a whole, the decline in these indicators. Made significant progress in reducing infectious morbidity in Moscow due to the vaccination of children, including — increased regional calendar of preventive vaccinations. However, analysis of the work of medical institutions indicates the feasibility of the development and introduction of technologies of management of patients with post-infectious syndromes, as well as improving the health care system for children with infectious diseases based on a multidisciplinary approach in close cooperation infectious disease and pediatricians of different specialties. To solve these problems is proposed a plan to improve the effectiveness of children's infectious diseases services relating to the reorganization of hospital beds and outpatient care, ensure the continuity of the different health facilities, implementation of modern methods of etiological diagnosis of infections, the organization of continuous vocational training of paediatricians in Moscow on a specialty «Infectious diseases».

Widespread, severe course, frequent development of chronic forms, adverse effects of the Epstein-Barr virus infection to the health of children, the difficulties of diagnosis and therapy dictate the need to improve the diagnostic and treatment programs in this disease. A total of 286 patients with acute and chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection. It was established, that for the timely diagnosis of the disease requires a comprehensive analysis of anamnesis, clinical symptoms, including symptoms of acute and chronic mononucleosis syndrome in combination with multiorgan pathology, and the results of laboratory examination (enzyme immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction, immune status).

The study included 338 HIV-infected children (B-23) and 350 children with perinatal contact HIV infection (R-75), consisting on the dispensary in the department of maternal and child the St. Petersburg City AIDS Center. In 32 persons (9.5%) diagnosed with secondary infections. In the structure of viral opportunistic infections (herpesvirus, SARS) amounted to 39.8%, bacterial (bronchitis, tonsillitis, pyoderma, tuberculosis) — 34.8%, fungal and parasitic (candidiasis of the oral mucosa, PCP) — 25.4 %. Combined therapy (causal, pathogenetic, symptomatic) SARS in children with B-23 and R-75, allows you to get in early (6th d. Treatment) regress the main symptoms of acute respiratory diseases. Modern therapy of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (VTSMI) in children with B-23 and R-75 of the first year of life with antitsitomegalovirusnogo immunoglobulin and preparation of human recombinant interferon alfa-2b in the form of rectal suppositories — VIFERON, causes persistent normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters.

Study of clinical and laboratory features of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in children depending on the etiological variant of the disease. The study involved 94 children aged 4 months to 15 years old with a diagnosis of «infectious mononucleosis». The study analyzed the etiologic structure of IM, clinical and laboratory features of its individual etiological variants. The findings showed that the most common cause of myocardial infarction in children under the age of 15 years is HHV-6, which is more common as monoinfection (51.06% of the total number of patients with IM), at least — in association with EBV and CMV. IM mixed etiology recorded in 29.79% of cases. The acute phase of infectious mononucleosis, regardless of the etiology of the disease is accompanied by a moderate leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. The level of IL-4 in the blood varies depending on the etiology of the disease and is the highest at the infarction caused by EBV. Severity of the clinical picture varies depending on the etiology of the disease. The most pronounced intoxication, lymphoproliferative and hepatolienalis syndromes were identified in children with IM-EBV, IM-HHV-6 and IM mixed etiology (version «EBV + HHV-6»). Determination of etiologic variant of IM is relevant for the diagnosis of disease, prediction of its course and possible complications.

We analyzed the features of immunity formation from antibodies of different genotypes and subtypes of the viruses. We e x amined several approaches to the tactics of vaccination and prophyla x is under the development of heterogenotypic heterosubtypic immunity in anthropogenic (measles), naturally occurring hotbed (diseases of tick-borne encephalitis virus comple x ) and antropogenic zoogenous (influenza) infections.

The article is devoted to the actual problem of childhood — cytomegalovirus (CMV). The urgency of CMV research is caused by its wide spreading among children. Many scientists used to consider CMV relatively low-hazard, opportunistic. The authors prove its exceptional dangerousness, emphasizing that it imperceptibly suppresses and exhausts immunity, in this respect ranking second after the human immunodeficiency virus. Currently, there is a growth of infection spreading worldwide and a high death rate caused by this infectijn. The article presents a contemporary view of CMV, its various clinical manifestations related to late diagnosis. Experts attention to this problem is caused not only by the possibility of the progress of severe forms with newborns and infants, but also the potential risk of formation of prognostically unfavorable consequences.

We observed 31 children aged 6 months to 6 years with community-acquired pneumonia, treated as a causal treatment of azithromycin. 20 children treated Azitroks suspension, 11 children — Sumamed suspension (control group). Results of the study showed that the efficacy and safety of the drug Azitroks suspension for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children is comparable to the original drug Sumamed suspension that characterizes him as a quality domestic production of generic and can be recommended for wide use in pediatric patients.

The article presents data on influenza epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical variants, diagnosis. Given the variety of antiviral drugs, highlighted the most relevant and used in pediatric patients, depending on age and mixed-flow options viral infections.

This report reviews clinical cases, and their possible causes of unexpected local and systemic adverse effects associated with a novel skin test using recombinant tuberculosis allergen (RTA, Diaskintest) in 2—11 years old children. This preparation consists of a M. tuberculosis ESAT6/CFP10 fusion protein produced in E. coli, and, in Russia, it has been used as a tool for preventive screening for tuberculosis since 2009. The most common side effects developed within 1 to 12 h after injection and were represented as local or non-life threatening systemic symptoms: fever up to 39°C lasting up to 24 h, painful excessive edema with reddening on the forearm, and, sometimes herpes-like blisters on the skin. In 72 h, the papula at the injection site was moderate, but the hyperemia around it was considerable. We argue that the most likely reason for this type of response could be the development of Type III hypersensitivity (associated with immune complexes), and/or antibody-independent anaphylactoid response to the ESAT6/CFP10 protein or contaminating bacterial culture components. To prevent possible side effects, we recommend to observe the patients for not less than 15 min after the injection of RTA, and to be ready to respond in case of anaphylaxis development.

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the clinical data, laboratory and instrumental examination methods in patients with bokavirus (HBoV) and metapnevmovirus (HMPV) infections, hospitalized in the infectious disease Department of MSU № 59 Zarechnyj sity Penza region. From 713 patients with verified diagnosis with 42 (5.89%) PCR revealed metapnevmovirus infection, at 18 (2.52%) bokavirus, at 34 (4.77%) mixed infection, most often by HBoV on and HMPV were children up to 7 years, were accompanied by lesions of the upper and lower respiratory tract infections, fever, intoxication, adenopathy.

Conceptual position of vocational education is the personal and professional development learning and personal development is an essential goal of vocational education. The formation and development of the specialist involves the development of a professional intelligence, independence, self-confidence, professionally important qualities and competence.

The paper presents an algorithm of differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease with infectious and parasitic diseases, described the case of diagnosis of Crohn's disease in the infectious department general hospital with a sequence of examinations of the child in the gastroenterological department, showing features of the development and course of Crohn's disease in a child 16 years with the debut on the background intestinal infections.