The paper studies the clinical and epidemiological features of one of the acute clinical forms of infection caused by the human herpes virus type 6 — «sudden exanthema » — in children of St. Petersburg. The study involved 149 children hospitalized aged 6 months to 15 years in the period from 2012 to 2014. Sudden rash confirmed by molecular genetic studies in 38 children. The disease is mainly observed in patients of the first two years of life. Rash and toxic syndromes dominated in clinical picture.

This article presents the results of experimental (on cell cultures) and clinical (in children’s groups) studies of recombinant interferon alpha-2b medication (Grippferon). Our aim was to examine the virus-inhibitory activity of this medication (against adenovirus) and its preventive effect (on causative agents of ARVI), which allows us to use this medication as a preventive measure against adenovirus (as well as any other) infection in children’s groups.

The analysis of the epidemic process of manifestation and clinical features of measles in the last 200 years has been made and made clear the features of the formation of the genetic determinants of rubella virus at low and high temperatures of cultivation. Moreover epidemic dynamics of the process and the severity of the clinical course of measles in the pre—vaccine and vaccination periods in the middle latitudes of the globe, and in areas with extremely high and low temperatures was established.

Acute respiratory viral infections are one of the topical problems of pediatrics, due to the high level of morbidity in the pediatric population, a significant incidence of severe and complicated variants of the disease, especially among young children. It is known that respiratory viral infections under the influence of a pathogen is a dysfunction of interferonogenesis. Analyzed the results of scientific investigations devoted to the determination of neopterin concentration in relation to diseases associated with activation mediated by interferon- immune response. The increase in its concentration correlates with the changes of INF-, INF- and is associated with a systemic inflammatory response. Monitoring of the level of neopterin may be useful as a potential marker of the state of antiviral protection in children. 

One of the most common pathologies in infants is a lactase deficiency and allergy to cow's milk protein. Treatment of lactase deficiency and allergies to cow's milk protein in young children requires a differentiated approach. The best food for the child's first months of life is mother's milk provides adequate development of the child's body. The use of lactase preparations, such as LAKTAZAR® with lactase deficiency pathogenetically justified and allows a short time to eliminate its main clinical manifestations, while retaining the possibility of breastfeeding.

The article presents the results of research on the study of clinical effectiveness and impact on intestinal microbiocenosis dioctahedral smectite (Neosmektin®) of acute intestinal infectious of bacterial, viral, and mixt etiology. The clinical studies have shown that the additional inclusion in the complex therapy for children this enterosorbent has a pronounced detoxification and antidiarrheal effect, reducing the duration of the acute period of the disease increases sanitize effectiveness of the therapy against pathogens and contributes to the normalization of microbiocenosis intestine.

This article presents the own results of the introduction the algorithm for the treatment of stenotic laryngotracheitis in children. This contributed to the rapid recovery of patients, prevention of nosocomial infections, as well as a significant reduction in the volume of therapeutic interventions.

Because of low effectiveness of laboratory methods for diagnosing pertussis it is important to look for new ways of verification of this infection. The article presents the analysis of the diagnostic value of ELISA method, which involves the identification of antibodies of different isotypes (IgM, IgG, IgA) to pertussis toxoid (PT) and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA). The study included 279 children: 114 were under 1 year of age, 165 — older than 1 year. The pertussis was confirmed in 74.3 ± 2.6% of patients by using ELISA method. A significant proportion of seronegative patients (46.1 ± 6.2 per cent) was revealed in the group of patients under 1 year. The pattern of production of antibodies in unvaccinated children was different. It depended on the age of the children and timing of illness. A low proportion of diagnostically significant indicators of IgM-antibodies at 2—3 weeks of illness was typical for patients under 1 year of age (e.g. 6.7 ± 6.5% as compared to 20.0 ± 7.9% and 50.0 ± 15.3 — 1—3 and 4—6 years of age). The diagnosis of pertussis in children under 1 year of age was confirmed mainly by the detection of IgG, starting from the 4th week of the disease. In the examination of vaccinated children diagnostically significant levels of IgA and IgG were identified (even in the late stages of the disease). Thus, the results of the analysis show special significance of using ELISA method for the diagnosis of pertussis in vaccinated children.

Polyoxidonium® — domestic drug with a broad spectrum of pharmacological action, which is unparalleled in the world. The drug is used as an immunomodulator, detoksikant, immunostimulatory and sustained release carrier of pharmacologically active compounds. Currently collected convincing evidence base safe and effective use Polyoxidonium for respiratory diseases with severe severity of symptoms, including in children with a poor premorbid background (often ill children, chronic lymph adenotonzillit pathology of allergic disease), are at risk of complicated infection (ARI suppurative complications in history), the formation of prevention programs and immunoreabilitatsionnyh children with recurrent respiratory infections.

Literature data on the study of interferon status in children. Own results of the survey group of frequently ill children (FIC) have shown insufficient production of IFN alpha and gamma-IFN, humoral immunity. It was revealed that 66% of the group FIC has only failure of interferon system, and 34% of FIC has violations of humoral immunity in combination with interferon system failure. At the same time, all children suffering occasionally was detected only insufficiency of interferon system and humoral immunity was within normal limits. Based on the study of individual sensitivity of white blood cells justifies the choice of interferons inducers.

The article deals with the problem of fulminant viral hepatitis at the present stage. Are given their own observation of children, patients with fulminant hepatitis B. The data, including clinical examples show that fulminant hepatitis B occurs in born to HBV-infected mothers to infants during the first six months of life, which has not been evaluated vaccine prevention of hepatitis B, and is characterized by a high level of mortality.

The article presents an interesting case of congenital infection pneumocystis conclusively proven and confirmed by various methods of laboratory diagnostics, including morphological with a special color. In addition, parents were surveyed, which were the source of infection. Congenital pneumonia, especially in preterm infants, are a direct threat to life. In this regard, the timely examination of the mother and child, as well as the appointment of etiotropic antibacterial drugs is an important task to prevent the fatal outcome of the disease.

The article presents the results of observation and treatment with ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir form of a premature infant with congenital generalized symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) involving pathology of CNS, cholangitis, spontaneous pathologic fracture of femoral bone. When using ganciclovir and valganciclovir demonstrated gradual normalization of clinical and hematological parameters. In the course of treatment with ganciclovir and valganciclovir was not revealed any adverse reactions. While maintaining the CMV DNA in the blood, the duration of specific therapy, according to international recommendations, should be not less than 6 months. The decision to use a specific therapy should be made on the basis of the medical consultation, the conclusions of the medical commission and informed consent of the parents.