The article presents the results of etiological diagnostics of cases of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in children during the epidemic periods of 2014—2017, the material sampling was carried out at the Children's regional clinical hospital named after A.K. Piotrovich. Comparative material on the three seasons: 2014—2015, 2015—2016 and 2016—2017 years. The features of the annual dynamics of the frequency of allocation of various respiratory viruses are revealed. The most numerous group of patients was children first year of life (infants) — 154 (35.6 ± 2.3%). Among the hospitalized children prevailed patients with moderate severity (of 90.9 ± 1.3%). The causative agent was determined in 307 of 432 observed patients (71 ± 2.1%). It is shown that the predominant viral pathogen in all seasons is the rhinovirus. Among cases of community-acquired pneumonia the dominant pathogen is respiratory syncytial virus. Bocaviruses, metapneumoviruses and coronaviruses were more often found in the form of association with other viruses. The circulation of the influenza virus was accompanied by a decrease in the attention of other respiratory viruses.

The aim of the investigation was to study the current features of pertussis in children of the first year of life.

The clinical course of pertussis was studied in 63 infants treated in theVolgogradregional children's infectious diseases hospital in 2015—2017.

The analysis of the obtained data demonstrated that currently pertussis retains the typical clinical and laboratory features of the disease. In most children pertussis was of moderate severity, however, in infants under 3 months of age the incidence of severe cases was 18.7 %. Pneumonia in infants developed in 14.3 % of cases, indicating a more favorable course of the pertussis at present time.

The article presents the role of herpesviral infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) in 36 children with recurrent respiratory tract diseases at the age from 1 to 18 years. Blood sera and blood cells were studied using ELISA, Indirect reaction of immunofluorescence and Rapid culture method.

It was found that all 36 children (100%) were infected with HSV, EBV, CMV and HHV-6. Most often — in 19 children (52.8%) the signs of active HHV-6 were revealed. In the same number of children surveyed, it was possible to identify active EBVI (16 children — 44.4%) and CMVI (16—44.4%). Active HSVI was diagnosed in 13 children (36.1%). Herpes virus infections were most often detected in the age group of children from 3 to 7 years of age.

All children with recurrent respiratory diseases should be examined for herpesvirus infections.

The results of the evaluation of the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) in a large children's multidisciplinary hospital are presented.

It was established that the epidemic process of ARVI in the conditions of a children's versatile hospital was characterized by high intensity, the prevalence of infections associated with the provision of medical care, and different intensity in the departments, due to the contingent of patients, the features of the treatment and diagnostic process, the intensity of infection drifts. The risk factors for ARVI were high rates of infection drift, overconsolidation of departments, untimely isolation of patients, as well as inefficient ventilation.

The introduction of targeted epidemiological surveillance for ARVI in hospital conditions made it possible to quickly assess the epidemiological situation in a multidisciplinary hospital in general and separately for each department for timely and adequate implementation of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. 

Clinical-laboratory analysis of the effectiveness of VIFERON® (suppositories rectal) in children from 1 month up to 7 years with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), accompanied by acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (ASLT), hospitalized in Children's City Clinical Hospital №5 named after N.F. Filatov. We have found that the drug VIFERON® helps statistically significant reduction in the duration of all major clinical manifestations of the disease as a whole, and also reduces the severity and duration of clinical symptoms ASLT, and significantly contributes to the faster elimination of viral antigens.

The objective — to characterize the effectiveness of different schemes of antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection and on the basis of the obtained data to improve of the disease treatment.

Patients and Methods: A clinical, immunological and virological examination of 45 children with HIV infection were carried. Patients received antiretroviral therapy — abacavire and lamivudine in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir (24 patients) or nevirapine (21 children).

Results: Using both antiretroviral therapy schemes leads to suppression of HIV replication, improvement of clinical and immunological parameters. However, the treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir revealed a significant positive changes of HIV blood viral load, immune status and clinical picture. Testing of clinical and laboratory parameters prior to treatment in the Cox hazard model showed that the independent predictor of prolonging the effectiveness of therapy is the lopinavir/ritonavir use. As a side effect of lopinavir/ritonavir developed dyspeptic symptoms.

Conclusion: High efficiency and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir allow us to recommend the inclusion of this drug in the selection schemes of antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected children.

The article presents the results of clinical observation of 104 children hospitalized in the infectious department and having manifestations of allergies to drugs (medicines) at the prehospital stage or in the hospital. The frequency of allergic reactions to medicines in children with infectious diseases, their characteristics, as well as approaches to the choice of drugs for treatment, as manifestations of allergies, and the underlying disease in children with drug allergies are estimated. It has been shown that antibacterial drugs are a frequent cause of skin allergic reactions in patients with lacunar angina and infectious mononucleosis. In case of allergy to beta-lactams, macrolides and lincosamides serve as an alternative in most cases. As a drug of choice for fighting fever in patients with an acute allergic reaction to drugs, ibuprofen may be recommended, possibly using paracetamol, metamizole sodium.

The article contains a review of the literature on the history of studying human schistosomiasis and a description of the outbreak of urogenital schistosomiasis on the island of Corsica, France, which continues from 2011—2013 until now. It is shown that schistosomiasis in Corsicais caused, for the most part, by a hybrid of S. haematobium — S. bovis, and also by S. haematobium proper, having West African (Senegalese) origin. The most typical clinical examples are given.

Streptococcal infection is characterized by a variety of manifestations from asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen to manifest forms. Recently, in addition to the bacteriological method for confirming streptococcal etiology, the rapid test for β-hemolytic streptococcus group A is increasingly being used. Isolation of streptococci does not always indicate their involvement in pathology, quite often a person is a healthy carrier of the pathogen. The share of carrier is 10—28% of cases. However, in the practical activities of a physician, positive tests for β -hemolytic streptococcus group A (rapid test or bacteriological culture) are often treated as acute streptococcal infection even in children without any clinical manifestations of acute tonsillopharyngitis and, as a result, antibiotic therapy is prescribed.

For differential diagnosis, a correct evaluation of epidemiological and clinical data with a mandatory serological test — the determination of ASO in paired sera with an interval of 7—10 days is required. Absence of an increase in antibodies indicates carrier.

b-hemolytic streptococcus group A carriers in most cases do not need antibiotic therapy. However, if there is a history or risk of developing rheumatic fever, acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, antibiotic therapy is necessary.

The authors proposed an algorithm for managing patients with the release of b-hemolytic streptococcus group A from the oropharynx.

The article provides clinical examples of hemophilic sepsis developed in non-vaccinated children with immunodeficiency conditions resulted in death.

The article describes the clinical case of combined skin lesions in the form of generalized erythematous-urticarial dermatitis and the respiratory tract in the form of rhinoadenopharyngitis, simple bronchitis, in a child of 2 years. Caused by parvovirus B19 and Мycoplasma pneumoniae. The problems of diagnosis, treatment, variety of clinical manifestations of parvovirus B19 infection and Мycoplasma pneumoniae are discussed.