Objective: To study the etiological role, serotype distribution and prevalent Streptococcus pneumoniae genotypes (sequence types) in 459 children hospitalized with acute purulent otitis media, acute tonsillitis, community-acquired pneumonia, and purulent bacterial meningitis. Pneumococcal cultures isolated from patients were tested for sensitivity to antimicrobials, and presence of resistance genes.

Materials and Methods: The cultural and molecular methods (PCR, sequencing) were used. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Statistica 6.0.

Results: S. pneumoniae was detected in 16,8%. The prevalent serotypes were 19F (39.7%) and 19A (13.2%) — representatives of multidrug-resistant clonal com-plex 320. Isolates of serogroup 6 (6AB, 8.82%) belonged to clonal complex 315, and characterized by resistance to macrolides, clindamycin and tetracycline.

From 70.6% to 88.2% of S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated from patients corresponded to «vaccine»-types.

The problem of choosing an effective etiotropic treatment for acute respiratory viral infections in young children is one of the urgent in pediatrics.

Materials and methods. The article presents data on the mechanism of the combined antiviral and immunomodulating action of the drug recombinant interferon alpha-2b. The results of observation of 80 children aged 3 to 12 months with acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies are presented.

Results. Clinical and laboratory indicators of intoxication that occur during acute respiratory viral infections in children have been identified. It has been shown that the use of rectal suppositories of interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of young children with acute respiratory viral infections causes a rapid relief of the clinical symptoms of the disease and helps to reduce the duration of hospital treatment of patients.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) consistently occupy a leading place in the structure of infectious pathology, especially among children. The spectrum of pathogens is usually determined by the season and age aspect of the observed. In a large number of respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occupies a special place due to the variety and severity of clinical manifestations of the disease caused by it in young children.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the clinical course of RSV infection in children, the study of the features of the immune status against the background of this disease.

It was found that in most cases of RSV infection in children was characterized by signs of bronchial obstruction syndrome and as a consequence in this group of children were found to have dysfunction of the immune system and reduction in the total number of T-lymphocytes, the hyperactivation In-cell component of adaptive immunity, manifested disimmunoglobulinemia (increase in the content of total IgE at lower IgA and IgG), that is, with the formation of immunodeficiency states from T- and B-cell links of adaptive immunity, with long-term recovery of impaired performance, even against the background of effective antiviral therapy.

Despite the high level of vaccination coverage, whooping cough remains a serious health problem worldwide.

The aim of the study was to study the features of the course of pertussis in the Kursk region for the period from January 2016 to October 2019.

Materials and methods.83 patients aged from 1 month to 28 years with a confirmed diagnosis of pertussis using PCR or ELISA were monitored.

Results: Most cases were reported in the summer-autumn period. Among those with whooping cough, children of the first year of life who did not receive or have not completed vaccination against whooping cough due to age, as well as children older than 1 year who were not vaccinated due to their parents ' refusal to vaccinate prevailed. The diagnosis of whooping cough at the prehospital stage is diagnosed only in 1/3 of cases. Among the clinical forms, combined with the nature of hematological changes, the typical course of pertussis prevailed, which was more severe significantly more often in the group of unvaccinated children of the first year of life.

Conclusion. For diagnostics, it is advisable to use PCR as a high-precision and more informative method in comparison with bacteriological research. Currently, there is still a need to develop current vaccination programs and popularize vaccination against pertussis among various population groups, which can serve as a factor in reducing the incidence in the Kursk region. 

Purpose of the study. Justification of the practical application of laboratory criteria marking the severity of infectious mononucleosis in hospitalized children.

Materials and methods. A comparative prospective clinical study involved 54 children, aged 2 to 13 years, median age 5 years [3.0; 8.7]. The main study group consisted of 27 children with a severity of the disease, the comparison group — 27 patients of moderate. We used the Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation coefficient and mathematical modeling.

Results. The study found a direct correlative relationship between the severity of infectious mononucleosis and indicators of total and direct bilirubin, r = 0.39. «Cut of» values were determined: for total bilirubin ≥ 15 µmol / L, for direct bilirubin ≥ 5.5 µmol / L, sensitivity 96%, specificity 52%.

Conclusions. «Cut of» bilirubin fractions can be used to predict the severity of infectious mononucleosis in hospitalized children on the first day of the disease.

The aim of investigation is to analyses of some prerequisites for improving of organization of the epidemiological surveillance on nonpolioenterovirus infection among children in Azerbaijan in modern stage.

For this purpose the statistic datas about morbidity with «intestinal infection of uncertain etiology» and «nonpolioenterovirus ifection» among children have been and lysed and presented.

The results of conducted retrospective and prospective epidemiological analyses aloow to determine the main key steps for improving of the epidemiological surveillance on nonpolioenterovirus infection among children in Aherbaijan, which are the followig: the dynamic of intrayearly and manyyearly morbidity of nonpolioenterovirus infection; the serotypical spectrum and the virulency of nonpolioenteroviruses; the virological control of surface and waste waters for appearing of nonpolioenteroviruses; the regular monitoring of «healthy» viruscarrier among children contingents (organized and nonorganized).

Materials and methods. Data are presented on clinical morphological features of the course of chronic Helicobacter pylori (HP) -associated gastroduodenitis in children depending on the somatotypes and their effect on the nature and prognosis of the disease. A cross-sectional study of 100 patients aged 4 to 17 with the diagnosis Chronic gastroduodenitis was conducted. The control group was 73 patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection from the same age category (4—17 years), without chronic gastroduodenitis in anamnesis, who were in hospital treatment in the pediatrician department. Assessment of age, gender structure, constitution types with identification of some constitutional features, in particular big susceptibility of asthenics to functional violations of an esophagogastric zone (p ≤ 0.05) is made.

Results. There is a persistent trend towards a lighter clinical flow of chronic gastroduodenitis in asthenics (development of superficial gastroduodenitis) compared to normosthenics (hypertrophic and erosive gastroduodenitis) (p < 0.05). Hypersthenics are susceptible to esophageal lesions in the form of esophagitis (p < 0.05).

Many years of experience in the use of homeopathic medicines in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases has been accumulated in Russia; it testifies to the effectiveness of their use in pediatrics.

Materials and methods. The results of a multicenter open randomized observation on the effectiveness of the homeopathic medicine Oscillococcinum® in the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory diseases in children aged 6 to 12 years are presented.

Results. It was shown that short-term (within 4 days from the onset of the disease) administration of the drug according to the standard scheme leads to a persistent improvement in clinical symptoms already on the 4th day of illness in most children (88.66%). Symptoms of intoxication, such as weakness, headache, temperature reaction are recorded by the 14th day of the disease in only 2—4% of cases. Catarrhal symptoms stop by the end of the second week of the disease in most children. Only 1 adverse event was identified associated with the course of the underlying disease.

The purpose of the article is to optimize therapy in newborn children with infection caused by herpes virus type 6.

Materials and methods. The first subgroup (I A) was made up of children who, along with symptom therapy and antiviral therapy with the drug acyclovir (n = 22).

The second subgroup (I B) was made up of children who received antiviral therapy (acyclovir) and immunosetopical therapy (human immunoglobulin normal) (n = 21) in addition to the sympathic treatment. Expression of membrane markers of immunocompetent cells of periferic blood was determined on a flow laser cytofluorimeter «Beckman COULTER» Epics XL II. lymphocyte typing was carried out with monoclonal antibodies to СД3 differentiation clusters, СД4, СД8, CD16 СД19 by IMMUNOTECH (France).

Results. At the patients who received a course of etiotropny and immunoreplacement therapy (IB subgroup) against the background of standard, registered authentically higher content of relative quantity of T-lymphocytes of CD3, at the expense of subpopulation T-helper of CD4 and also increase in CD16 and statistically significant decrease cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, CD8.

Conclusions. In children of early age with infection caused by herpes virus type 6, administration of a complex therapy including acyclovir preparations, human immunoglobulin normal, is most effective.

The experience of monitoring patients with parasitic diseases is presented. A brief literary reference is given and characteristics of patients hospitalized in the infectious-boxed department of a multidisciplinary hospital of federal subordination are given.

Over the past 15 years, 22 children have been observed with parasitic diseases, including visceral toxocariasis — 11, visceral leishmaniasis — 5, diphyllobothriasis — 3, toxoplasmosis — 2, trichinosis — 1.

Given the complexity of diagnosis and the possibility of developing life-threatening conditions in the absence of timely treatment, attention should be paid to a thorough collection of an epidemiological history, clinical and laboratory features of the course of human parasitoses, and laboratory diagnostic methods taking into account the life cycle of parasites.

The article presents an analysis of the literature data on the prevalence of viral hepatitis E, the peculiarities of the course of the disease, including in children, and describes own cases of viral hepatitis E in children.

Viral hepatitis E is a common infection worldwide. Sporadic and group cases of the disease are also registered on the territory of the Russian Federation. Epidemio-logical and clinical features of the course of the disease depending on the genotype were revealed. Children rarely get sick with manifest forms all over the world.

Infection of the fetus and newborns with the development of fulminant hepatitis is typical for developing countries. The development of chronic infection is described in children who have undergone liver transplantation. In the Udmurt Republic, during the period of rising incidence of viral hepatitis A, 4 cases of viral hepatitis E were registered in 2017 in different age groups and different clinical manifestations.

Registered cases of viral hepatitis E in children in the Russian Federation determine the need for mandatory examination of patients with cytolysis syndrome for this infection.