The article examines the relationship of infectious diseases, especially opportunistic and viral infections, with the formation of chronic and physical illness. Scientific meta-analysis of the effect of infections on the start of autoimmune disease, chronic diseases of broncho-pulmonary and cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary and other systems is carried out. Special attention is given to the role of fetal viral infection in the development of congenital malformations and intrauterine pathology. The article discusses the prevention measures taken for controlling certain somatic diseases.

The authors have investigated the level of lymphocyte subpopulation, immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG and the concentration of 10 cytokines in blood serum of 67 sickly children. All of them have chronic somatic pathology. The authors have ascertained absence of significant differences in immunological indicators. When the level of subpopulation composition of lymphocytes and IgG, IgA, IgM in the blood serum is normal, such children have a higher concentration of antiphlogistic cytokines 1L-1β, IL-12p70, IL-8 whereas the balance of Th/Th2-cells is preserved. It is kept up by cytokines IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 inthe conditions of chronic inflammatory process. The maintenance of this balance is the main goal and it should provide the basis for immunological correction of sickly children with chronic somatic pathology. The most appropriate drug for immunological correction in our research is ribosomal immunоmodulator Ribomunyl.

Examination of 125 children with chronic hepatitis В and concomitant anemia has determined the frequency of refractory forms of anemia (52,5%). The disease progressed more severely on the background of anemia, which was indicated by the prevalence of CHВ forms with severe activity (71,4%). The pathognomonic symptoms of anemic processes were revealed. Two pathogenetic variants of the anemia genesis in children with CHВ are being considered: the first is defined by veritable iron deficiency with ferrokinetic markers of iron-deficiency anemia; the second — by relocationable iron deficit that is typical for hemosiderosis and refractoriness development.

The article presents a review of modern literature on infections associated with human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6). HHV-6 causes exanthem subitum (roseola), and fever without a rash as well as infants’ fever with convulsive disorder and infectious mononucleosis. To diagnose HHV-6 methods of detection of antibodies for the IgM and IgG or PCR are applied in practice.

Anaferon — antiviral drug with immunomodulating activity. Longstanding experience proved its efficacy and safety in the treatment and prophylaxis of a wide spectrum of viral and bacterial infections in children. The key mechanisms of anaferon action are selective induction of interferons I and II types production and allosteric modulation of interferon-gamma receptor. Excellent safety profile, possibility of its combination with other medicines, absence of self-tapering have made it a drug of choice for the treatment and prophylaxis of various infections of different aetiology.

We compared clinical and laboratory data in 2 groups of children (The first group 62 ARVI patients with bacterial complications of herpes virus infection who were treated by transfer factors as a part of the complex therapy. The second group was comprised of 72 children with the same pathology who did not receive this biological additive). The patients receiving transfer factors displayed smooth course of ARVI with pneumonia, and a tendency to accelerated normalization of cellular immunity at herpes virus infection. The follow-up of 112 sickly children shows that the incidence of recurrent ARVI in 67 patients receiving transfer factor was reliably reduced by 2 times, compared to that of 45 children who did not receive this product.

A clinical and laboratory surveillance of 59 children with purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM) of various etiologies was carried out. Of them 29 children received Viferon® at dosages according to the age. Viferon was prescribed in addition to basic antibiotic therapy. It was detected that introduction of Viferon® in the treatment strategy for patients with PBM of Hib-and pneumococcal etiology leads to a significant reduction in the duration of the major clinical symptoms, shortened time of sanitation of liquor and it promotes correction of immune disorders displayed by significant reduction in the level of IFN-γi proinflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid.

The article discusses the role of agents of opportunistic infections (OI) in the etiology of children’s infectious diseases illustrated by the long-subfebrilites and obstructivebronchitis. When children without expressed immunity disorders are infected with mixed infections OI have more pronounced manifestations, which requires appropriate treatment. At the same time, the similarity of the clinical manifestations does not mean that an etiological diagnosis can be determined without laboratory diagnostic methods. The importance of routine pediatrics monitoring of children with latent forms of OI is emphasized.

This article covers the issues of pathogenesis, diagnostics, clinical manifestations and treatment of CMV infections at perinatal infection

The article presents data on a study of the effectiveness of intravenous application of immunoglobulin in children with purulent bacterial meningitis of different etiology progressing with pronounced cephaledema. According to our data, the reason for substitution of the immunoglobulin deficiency in patients with purulent bacterial meningitis is clinical syndromes, expressed in points and laboratory indicators of the level of IgG in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children. The findings give evidence of the efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin application at severe purulent bacterial meningitis accompanied by pronounced immune deficiency, manifested in insufficient synthesis of IgG.

For evaluation of importance of each of the leading clinical and laboratory signs of infectious mononucleosis the authors conducted a statistical analysis of the data from 280 patients aging from 10 months to 34 years of age. The analysis was carried out with the use of nonparametric statistical method analysis (ranking analysis of variance and concordance by M. Kendall). Three basic clinic pathogenetic syndromes (lymphoproliferative — tonsillar, lymphoproliferative — parenchymal, lymphostasis ectodermal). Characteristics of laboratory syndrome of immune imbalance are given. An algorithm for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis with the inclusion of clinical, laboratory, instrumental, immunological studies is suggested.

For specification incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children under 3 years and older treated with antibiotics, used the method of open prospective comparative clinical study. 170 patients (the basic group — 105 patients receiving probiotic with Lactobacillus, the control group — 65 patients) aged from 3 months to 15 years with acute infectious diseases receiving antibacterial therapy for not less than 3 days and examined in hospital conditions were included in the study. As a result the rate of antibiotics-associated diarrhea in children constitued 85% in children younger than 3 years and 25% in children of higher age. Preventive application of probiotic with Lactobacillus allows to decrease the rate of occurrence of antibiotics-associated diarrhea in children as well as the duration of diarrhea syndrome.

The shift in priorities in the system of Russian education, transition from reproductive learning to learner-centered approach, incorporation of competency-based approach into the educational standards of «the third generation» require the training of a competitive specialist with professional competency. Types of competencies are characterized. The competency presenting certain requirements is studied. The mastering of the requirements will enable to train qualified specialists. The quality of education directly influences the level of professional activity through training of specialists and development of sciences. Competence-oriented approach and adherence to pedagogic requirements in education enables the efficacy of professional training. Innovative techniques and approaches to organizing educational process in their active form stimulate the process of studying.

In the article presents a review of literature on Leishmaniasis. The disease is not endemic inMoscowregion, nevertheless doctors of all specializations should be alert to the development of the disease, especially in autumn due to extensive migration of population. The authors described basic forms of leishmaniasis, its clinical symptoms, problems of diagnosis and modern methods of treatment. The work also presents a clinical case, confirmed by serological tests and other methods.