The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors for the formation of gastroenterological pathology in convalescents of infectious hemocolites.
In the Department of intestinal infections, 120 children aged over 1 month who had intestinal infections with hemocolitis syndrome were observed. The etiology of the disease was verified, clinical and laboratory signs of intoxication, dehydration, local and systemic inflammatory response were detected. Non-specific complications (respiratory diseases, urinary tract infection) were diagnosed. In the acute period of the disease, the composition of the intestinal microbiota was evaluated by PCR-RT. During 6 months, 65 convalescents were observed in the catamnesis. If there were complaints from the gastrointestinal tract, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) were diagnosed. When «symptoms of anxiety» appeared, organic intestinal lesions were detected. When «symptoms of anxiety» appeared, organic intestinal lesions were detected. The results were evaluated using the student's test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Pearson correlation method, and discriminant analysis.
Studies have shown that there were 43 children with a favorable outcome (66.2%), 17 children with FGID (26.1%), and 5 children with organic intestinal lesions (7.7%). In patients who formed organic lesions, the bacterial etiology of hemocolitis was more often noted. Gastroenterocolitis was more often diagnosed in patients with a favorable outcome (41.9%; p > 0,05). Non-specific complications were more often observed in patients who formed FGID and organic lesions. The frequency of FGID decreased with age and was higher in girls (58.8%) than in boys (41.2%) (p > 0,05). Organic intestinal lesions were observed only in girls. In convalescents with FGID, more often (83.3%) than in convalescents with a favorable outcome (64.3%), signs of anaerobic intestinal imbalance were detected. A complex of clinical and laboratory signs of an acute period of infectious hemocolites that determine the risk of FGID formation has been established.
It was shown that the risk of developing FGID is higher in young convalescents, and the risk of forming organic intestinal lesions is higher in girls of preschool and school age. Patients who showed more pronounced systemic inflammatory responses in the acute period of the disease were more likely to have a favorable outcome.

The aim of the study was to study the characteristics of the content of certain cytokines in serum as indicators of the immune response in viral infections accompanied by diarrhea syndrome in children.
Materials and research methods. A survey was conducted of 92 children aged 3 months to 15 years with acute respiratory viral infections hospitalized in hospital No. 6 in Novosibirsk in the first 2 days from the onset of the disease. Two groups were formed — group 1 — patients with diarrheal syndrome and signs of respiratory system damage. Group 2 — children with isolated lesions of the respiratory tract. In all children, the genetic material of viruses was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the nose and throat washes. Also, in all children, the determination of serum levels of IL-8, IL-17, IFN-ã by ELISA was performed.
Results and discussion. When studying the levels of cytokines (IFN-ã, IL-8, IL-17) in patients with signs of gastrointestinal tract lesions in comparison with isolated respiratory manifestations, no statistically significant differences were found. However, when analyzing the levels of the studied parameters in patients with diarrheal syndrome in different age groups, significant differences in the levels of IFN-ã and IL-8 were revealed.

Acute tonsillitis (AT) and functional disorders of the digestive system (FDDS) are widespread among children. There is insufficient information about whether FDDS affects the incidence and course of АT, or whether АT may predispose to the development of АT.
The aim is to discover a possible relationship between acute exudative tonsillitis and FDDS in children in the context of clinical and medico-social assessment.
Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was performed using the continuous sampling method. There were 137 patients under observation, aged from one to 18 years, hospitalized in a hospital with АT, proceeding with overlaps on the tonsils, including 44 children younger and 93 older than 4 years. Bacterial АT was diagnosed on the MacIsack scale (≥ 4 points) in combination with the determination of inflammatory markers (leukocytosis, CRP). Epstein-Barr viral etiology of АT was diagnosed based on the detection of anti-EBV-VCA IgM and/or anti-EBV-EA IgG in the absence of anti-EBV-NA IgG.
The legal representatives of the children agreed to participate in the study and completed a developed questionnaire containing 41 questions to assess medical and social factors, health status and gastrointestinal symptoms. FDDS diagnosis was carried out according to Rome IV 2016 criteria. Stool character was assessed using the Bristol scale, and clinical symptoms of АT were also analyzed.
Results: Bacterial АT was diagnosed in 51.1% (70) of patients and EBV tonsillitis — in 48.9% (67), namely with equal frequency. The incidence of FDDS was 41.6% (95% CI (confidence interval) (33.3, 50.3), including 38.7% in children from 1 to 4 years old (95% CI (24.4, 54.5) and over 4 years 43.0% (95% CI (32.8, 53.7). Functional constipation (25.0%) and functional diarrhea (13.6%) were found in young children, all children over the age of 4 years had abdominal pain (including irritable bowel syndrome with a predominance of constipation — 4.3%). In EBV-RT with FDDS, the incidence of hepatolienal syndrome was 33.3% higher (RR (relative risk) 2.40; 95% CI (1.02, 5.66) and OR (odds ratio) 5.46; 95% CI (1.39, 21.28). Children with FDDS are 22.4% more likely (RR 1.65; 95% CI (1.21, 2.24) and OR 4.1; 95% CI (1.39, 12.07) suffered from recurrent acute respiratory infections; their relatives were more likely to have gastroenterological diseases (RR 1.54; 95% CI (1.12, 2.13) and OR 2.99; 95% CI (1.22, 7.34). Perinatal hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system were more often recorded in patients with FDDS in the anamnesis (RR 1.99; 95% CI (1.25, 3.15) and OR 4.13; 95% CI (1.37, 12.42).
Conclusion: The etiological role of EBV among children with exudative АT admitted to the hospital is high. FDDS is more common among children with exudative АT over 4 years of age than in the general pediatric population. The influence of FDDS on the clinical manifestations of EBV-RT is highly probable. It is advisable to continue the study to determine the significance of АT in the development of FDDS in children and adolescents; their results may be useful for clinical practice.

The study of the infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is highly relevant.
Objective: To study the clinical and epidemiological features of a new coronavirus infection in children in the city of Omsk and the Omsk region during the 2020 epidemic.
Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective study of 68 children aged 1—18 years diagnosed with new coronavirus disease and receiving medical treatment in Infectious Diseases Hospital of City Children's Clinical Hospital № in Omsk between April and September 2020. In all children, the diagnosis was confirmed by examination of nasopharyngeal / oropharyngeal swabs for RNA SARS-CoV-2 by PCR.
Results. Among those hospitalized prevailed children over 10 years old (61.7%), no reliable difference based on sex was observed. 83.8% of children contacted with COVID-19-infected people. Most children had the new coronavirus infection in mild form (61.8%) with upper respiratory tract damage. Pneumonia was recorded only in 16.2% of examined children over the age of 10. The key clinical symptoms in childhood were: yawn hyperemia, fever and cough. Impaired sense of smell in the form of hyposmia and anosmia developed only in children over the age of 10. Leukopenia detection in blood in moderate forms correlated with the presence of pneumonia.
Conclusion. Given the mild course of COVID-19 in children, early isolation and treatment on an outpatient basis should be considered the most effective approach to patient management.

Рurpose. The aim is to study the influence of primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the occurrence of bronchial obstruction syndrome in children.
Materials and methods. A retrospective study of primary medical records of 60 children aged 2 to 6 years for the period from 2016 to 2018, with diagnoses of acute obstructive bronchitis and acute respiratory infection. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I — 30 children with bronchial obstruction syndrome, II group — 30 people — children with common cold without bronchial obstruction syndrome (control group). We studied the dynamics of reactions to the Mantoux test with 2 TE, contacts with tuberculosis patients, the effectiveness of Vaccinum tuberculosis (BCG-M) vaccination, allergological history, the nature of feeding and allergizing factors in everyday life. Data processing was performed using the NanoStat 1.6 program. Тhe сritical level of statistical significance was assumed to be p < 0.05.
Results. It was found that primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) infection in children under 4 years has a direct correlation with a high risk of bronchial obstruction syndrome. At the same time, bronchial obstruction syndrome occurred in the absence of local tuberculosis, which can be considered as a paraspecific reaction in the case of primary MBT infection.
Сonclusions. The observed relationship between the two phenomena determines the need to examine young children with bronchial obstruction syndrome for MBT infection.

The paper summarizes information on the etiology, life cycles, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, etiotropic therapy and prevention of digestive tract trematodiases: echinostomiasis, echinochasmiasis, artyfechinostomiasis, isthmiophoriasis, hypoderaeiasis, nanophyetiasis, gastrodiscoidiasis, brachylaimiasis, acanthoparyphiasis, isoparorchiasis, gymnophalloidiasis, neodiplostomiasis, plagiorchiasis, clinostomiasis.

Purpose of the study. Determine the most common etiological factor in cervical lymphadenopathy in children according to research.
Materials and methods. The research was searched in the Russian-language databases E-library and Cyberleninka in electronic form according to the following criteria: (1) any clinical trial or observational study, or cross-sectional case series with 10 or more subjects that included delineation of etiologies and/or associated conditions with lymphadenopathy; (2) patients aged 0 to 18 years with enlarged lymphoid tissue; (3) lymphadenopathy was confirmed by clinical evaluation; (4) the absence of specific excluded diagnoses.
Results. Based on the search results in E-library and Cyberleninka, 4 articles were selected for review, matching the accepted criteria. These studies ranged in size from 67 to 255 subjects and had a combined total of 527 children. In the vast majority of cases (up to 90.0%) the cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in children is acute and chronic infectious diseases caused by herpes viruses and chlamydia.

The results of the study of the registered morbidity caused by herpes viruses (HHV) type 4, 5, 6 in preschool children in a large industrial region are presented.
Materials and methods. The information on the registered incidence of acute forms of HHV-4, 5, 6 infections in hospitals and clinics in Perm and Perm Krai in 2015—2018 was studied. The following nosologies were taken into account according to ICD-10: В 27.0, В 27.1, В 27.8, В 25., В 25., К 11., К 77.0, В 08.2. 13 452 outpatient cases of infections caused by HHV 4, 5, 6 children 1—6 years old were analyzed, of which in the city of Perm — 6330, in the Perm Krai — 7122, hospitalized — 1171 people.
Results. The incidence of hospitalized patients in 92.0% of cases is represented by infectious mononucleosis. The outpatient incidence of HHV 4, 5, 6 infections in 80.6% of cases is represented by non-mononucleous cytomegalovirus diseases, the proportion of which exceeds those in hospitalized patients by 16 times.
Conclusions. The analysis of the registered morbidity caused by HHV 4,5,6 in children 1—6 years old in the city of Perm revealed a significant pediatric problem consisting in incorrectness and overdiagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection.

The relevance of the study of Shigellosis is due to the fact that the pathogen is capable of invasion and the production of cyto- and neurotoxins, which leads to the development of severe inflammation and toxicosis, and with massive infection — and neurotoxicosis.
Purpose: to study the clinical and laboratory features of the course of Shigellosis in hospitalized patients at the present stage.
Materials and Methods: a retrospective study of 17 case histories of children aged 9 month to 17 years old, hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of a Moscow hospital in 2019 with a confirmed diagnosis of Shigellosis, was carried out.
Results: depending on the season, the frequency of hospitalizations of children with Shigellosis was practically the same in autumn, winter and spring, excluding summer (35%, 35%, 30% and 0%, respectively). Children with Shigellosis under the age of 1 year were 2, 1—3 years old — 4, 3—7 years old — 5, 7—14 years old — 3, over 14 years old — 3. The diagnosis of Shigellosis was confirmed in 13 patients according to the results of bacteriological research , in 4 — according to IHR (indirect hemagglutination reaction) data (without seeding). Shigella flexneri 2a was detected in 14 children, Shigella sonnei in 2, Shigella flexneri 2a together with Shigella sonnei in 1.
Most of the patients 82.4% (14/17) were admitted to the hospital in the first three days of illness (by 2.8 ± 0.05 days). Intoxication symptoms were expressed in all patients, vomiting — in 76.5% of cases (13/17), fever — in 94% (16/17), abdominal pain — in 82.4% (14/17), inflammatory impurities in feces (cloudy mucus) — in all patients, hemocolitis (streaks of blood in feces) — in all but one — 94% (16/17). In one third of patients, Shigellosis was severe — in 35% (6/17).
Conclusions. Shigellosis remains relevant due to the incidence of hemocolitis, severe forms, which requires hospitalization.

Тhis work is a continuation of the literature review «The modern view of congenital cytomegalovirus infection» and is devoted to the clinical cases.
Particular attention is paid to the severity of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CCMVI), as well as the its clinical variability, including developmental anomalies. The variety of clinical forms requires a wide range of examinations to identify all this infection manifestations in a newborn child and children in the first months of life, as well as the doctors alertness regarding the timely diagnosis of intrauterine infections based on the existing clinical features.
The presented cases demonstrate the CCMVI clinical manifestations: the «classical» generalized manifest form, with a specific clinical, laboratory and instrumental findings, the severe generalized CCMVI with kidney congenital malformation and postnatal development of congenital cataract.

Community-acquired pneumonia is a polietiologic disease and a significant cause of death worldwide. One of the pathogens of pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which in school-age children occupies the first place in the etiological structure, including the formation of foci of group morbidity. In most cases, mycoplasma infection has a smooth course, but possibly a protracted course with the development of progressive changes in the lungs.
The aim of the work is to describe our own observation of the development of pneumofibrotic changes in a child who has undergone mycoplasma pneumonia.
The article presents a description of a case of mycoplasma bronchopneumonia in a teenager, with prolonged persistence of febrile fever, catarrhal syndrome, the development of a rash in the structure of mycoplasma infection, a pronounced bilateral inflammatory process in the lungs followed by the formation of post-inflammatory changes in the form of pulmonary fibrosis, which were confirmed only by computed tomography and dynamic monitoring of the patient.
Conclusion. The above example showed the need for long-term follow-up of patients with prolonged mycoplasma pneumonia by pulmonologists and the development of targeted rehabilitation.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a hereditary disease caused by a genetic defect of violations of oxygen — dependent mechanisms of phagocytosis.
Clinical manifestations of the disease are recurrent bacterial or fungal infections of the skin, hepatic abscesses, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, sepsis, meningitis et al. Most available laboratory method for the diagnosis of CGD is the test of histochemical nitro blue tetrazolium recovery (NBT-test). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered a radical treatment for chronic granulomatous disease.
The article presents a clinical observation of the manifestation of chronic granulomatous disease with an unfavorable outcome in a child aged 6 years.